燃煤锅炉燃烧过程和热效率监控系统设计 _毕设论文.doc

PAGE  PAGE 38 燃煤锅炉燃烧过程和热效率监控系统设计 摘 要 燃煤锅炉是采暖供热系统的核心设备，它的主要任务是安全可靠、经济有效地把燃料的化学能转化为热能，进而将热能传递给水，生产出满足需要的蒸汽或热水。 本文对燃煤锅炉控制系统进行了研究，燃煤锅炉在燃烧过程中会影响产生的热效率，在分析影响热效率的因素后，对燃煤锅炉燃烧系统进行了控制方案的设计，其中包括蒸气压力动态特性与燃料控制系统设计、送风控制系统设计、炉膛负压控制系统设计、硬件结构、系统主要功能、软件设计原则、主程序流程等。燃煤锅炉燃烧控制系统不仅仅要控制稳定的出水温度、保持经济燃烧、维持炉膛负压在一定范围内，更主要的是要节煤，即如何要把燃烧过程控制在热损失最小，热效率最高，对环境污染最小的所谓最佳燃烧状态。因此提高锅炉燃烧过程中的热效率是燃煤锅炉经济运行的主要方法。 本设计采用DCS对锅炉设备控制，DCS是集散控制系统，集中管理，分散控制。并进行组态，实现操作画面设计、流程图绘制、控制方案编写等操作对燃煤锅炉进行监控，从而使锅炉安全可靠的经济运行。 关键词：燃煤锅炉；燃烧过程；热效率；DCS Design of Control System for Coal-fired Boiler Combustion Process and Thermal Abstract Coal-fired boiler heating system is the core of the heating equipment, its main task is to safe, reliable, cost-effective way to fuel chemical energy into heat, thus the heat transfer water to produce steam or hot water to meet the needs. In this paper, coal-fired boiler control system is studied, coal-fired boiler in the combustion process affects the thermal efficiency of the analysis of the factors affecting the thermal efficiency of coal-fired boiler combustion system to control the design, including the dynamic vapor pressure Characteristics and fuel control system design, supply air control system design, furnace pressure control system design, hardware structure, the main function of the system, software design principles, the main program processes. Coal-fired boiler combustion control system not only to control the stability of water temperature and keep the economy burns, to maintain the furnace negative pressure within a certain range, but the main thing is to save coal, namely, how to control the combustion process should minimize heat loss, the maximum thermal efficiency , the smallest of the so-called environmental best burning. Therefore, the process of improving combustion efficiency of coal-fired boilers heat the main method of economic operation. The design of the boiler equipment controlled by DCS, DCS is a distributed control system, centralized management and decentralized