神经学论文学习与记忆讲解.doc

PAGE  PAGE 14 学习与记忆研究进展 姓名：于慧 班级：生物科学12-1 学号：20121801141010 摘要：学习与记忆是一个极其复杂的过程，会引起中枢神经系统一系列生理生化的改变。目前学习与记忆研究的热点主要集中于大脑的一些特殊区域、某些特殊激素或神经肽的作用。学习记忆与中枢神经系统神经递质代谢有关，记忆的形成和保持与海马神经元长时程突触增强效应（Long-term potentiation, LTP）有关，长期记忆则通过细胞核特殊 RNA结构的变化得以经久保存；中枢胆碱系统、多巴胺系统、一氧化氮、细胞内Ca2+浓度、CaMKⅡ等神经肽、激素、神经受体等都对学习与记忆有影响；大脑的不同具体区域负责不同的职责，在合作协调地完成学习与记忆的过程的同时又独立地影响着学习与记忆。 关键词：学习与记忆；特异基因；脑区系统；激素；神经肽 Abstract Learning and memory is a complicated process, causes the central nervous system, a series of physiological and biochemical changes. Current research hotspot of learning and memory in the brain mainly focused on some specific area, some special hormone or neuropeptide role. Learning and memory, and central nervous system neurotransmitter metabolism, memory formation and maintain and cultured hippocanlpal neurons was enhanced synaptic potentiation, (mutually - for LTP), long-term memory is through the nuclei particular structure change of RNA to wear preservation, Central choline system, the dopamine system, nitric oxide, Ca2 + concentrations within the cell such CaMK, Ⅱ neuropeptide, hormone, etc. To nerve receptor has influence of learning and memory, The different brain regions of different specific duties, responsible for coordination in cooperation to complete the process of learning and memory also influences the independent learning and memory. Keywords Learning and memory, Specific genes, Brain systems, Hormone, neuropeptide 目录 前言………………………………………………………5 1 学习与记忆神经生物学研究的历史 ………………5 2? 遗传和个体发育对记忆的作用 ……………………6 2．1 基因PACAP ………………………………………6 2．2 基因nov …………………………………………6 2．3 海马新基因N4 …………………………………7 2．4 即刻早期基因 …………………………………7 2．5 神经生长因子 (NGF)基因 ……………………7 3 参与学习与记忆的不同脑区系统 …………………8 3．1 小脑………………………………………………8 3．2 纹状体边缘区 …………………………………8 3．3 海马………………………………………………8 3．4 MrD ………………………………………………9 3．5 前额叶(prefrontal corte,PF) ……………9 激素、神经肽等物质对学习记忆的影响 …………9 4．1 细胞内Ca2+浓度和CaMKⅡ …………………9 4．2 神经肽 …………………………………………10 4．2．1 下丘脑神经肽 ………………………………10 4. 2．2 神经下丘脑激素 ……………………………10 4．2