机械装置性能综合测试硬件设计 _学位论文.doc

河南科技大学毕业设计（论文） 机械装置综合测试下位机硬件设计 摘 要 在本设计中，选用光电编码器、直线位移、压力、加速度传感器分别检测系统执行机构的曲柄转角位移、执行构件直线运动位移、刀具切削阻力、滑枕的振动加速度信号。 而机械装置综合则是下位机硬件设计的主要目的是就是对各个传感器输出信号就行滤波、放大、阻抗匹配以满足单片机A/D转换的满量程要求，并将传感器输出的模拟信号转换为计算机能够识别和处理的数字信号（传感器输出的信号也有数字信号和模拟信号之分，比如加速度传感器输出的信号就是数字信号，该信号只需调理后就可直接输入到单片机I/O口，而其他的光电编码器、直线位移、压力传感器输出的信号为模拟信号，不仅需要信号的调理，也需要A/D转换，把经过调理电路调理后的模拟信号转换成数字信号，而后输入到单片机中进行处理），硬件设计中通讯电路的设计采用RS-232通讯接口来实现上位机与下位机的通讯和数据的传输。 在该设计中下位机硬件设计站有重要的地位，但是机械装置与单片机、上位机沟通交流的桥梁。硬件系统的设计是否合理有效对整个系统的正常工作有着决定性作用。 关 键 词：机械装置，单片机，硬件设计，传感器 COMPREHENSIVE TESTING MECHANICAL DEVICE HARDWARE DESIGN ABSTRACT In this design, selection of photoelectric encoder, linear displacement, stress, acceleration sensor were used to detect the crank angle displacement execution mechanism, system implementation of vibration acceleration signal component linear motion displacement, cutting resistance, ram. While the mechanical device is the main purpose of hardware design is to each sensor output signal line filter, amplifier, impedance matching to meet the full range of requirements of A/D conversion, and converts the analog signal to digital signal output of the sensor of the computer can recognize and process (sensor output signal is digital signal and analog signals, such as signal output of the accelerometer is digital signal, the signal is only conditioning can be directly input to the I/O port of the SCM, and the signal of other photoelectric encoder, linear displacement, the pressure sensor output analog signal, not only need the signal conditioning, also need to A/D conversion, the conditioning simulation signal conditioning circuit is converted into digital signal, and then input to the microcontroller for processing), design of communication circuit hardware design adopts RS-232 communication interface to realize the communication between host and client communication and data.在该设计中下位机硬件设计站有重要的地位，但是机械装置与单片机、上位机沟通交流的桥梁。硬件系统的设计是否合理有效对整个系统的正常工作有着决定性作用。 In the design the hardware design station has an important posit