词汇与结构题稿.ppt

;;;;If I had time, I would go to the movies with you. If we hadn’t made adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful. If it were to rain tomorrow, the game would be put off.;在非真实条件句中，有时从句的动词所表示的动作和主句的动词所表示的动作并不同时发生，这样的条件句中使用的虚拟式称为混合虚拟式。其构成视具体情况而定。 If I had taken my raincoat when I came out this morning, I would not be wet now. If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.;引导非真实条件从句的连词if在正式文体中有时可以省去，were, had, should等非行为动词这时应提到从句句首。 If I were you, I wouldn’t feel sorry.可改为： Were I you, I wouldn’t feel sorry.;有些句子从表层结构看无if引导的非真实条件句，但从深层意思看是存在的。这种情况主句动词仍需用虚拟式。这类句子中常出现without, but for（要不是）,otherwise, but that（若不，后接从句）等词或词组。 But for your help, they couldn’t have succeeded. She wasn’t feeling well. Otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early.;1 在it‘s necessary(important, natural, essential, proposed, required, suggested, impossible, strange) that…结构中， that引导的真正的主语从句中动词用虚拟，表示必要、应该、建议、要求、惊讶、不相信等 It’s necessary that we (should) set out at once. It’s proposed that a committee (should) be set up to look into the matter.;2 在ask, require, order, demand, suggest, propose, command, insist等动词后，宾语从句中，动词也用虚拟，表示命令、建议、要求等。 I suggested that we (should) go camping tomorrow. He insisted that our laboratory reports (should) be handed in the day after the experiments was done. 注意：在以上句中insist为“坚持要求”，如果表示“坚持认为”就不用虚拟，例如： He insisted that he was right.;3. Wish 后的宾语从句中，表示与事实相反的愿望。 I wish I had been to the concert last night. I wish he would forgive me.;4. It’s (high, about) time that…的句型要求用虚拟，表示应该做还没有做的事。 It’s high time that he stopped smoking. It’s about time that we took our leaves.;5. 在would rather 后的句子中，动词也要用虚拟，表示某人的愿望。 I’d rather you left tomorrow instead of today. I’d rather he hadn’t done anything like that.;6. 在as if (though) 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词有时用虚拟 She looks as if she knew all about it. They talked as though they had got acquainted with each other for years. ; 非谓语动词有不同的语法功能和适用范围： 分词可以做定语，表示原因、时间和伴随状语。不定式可以做定语、目的状语和结果状语。动名词可以做宾语、主语、表语或介词宾语。另外还