压力容器中厚板筒体焊接结晶裂纹分析与工艺改进.docVIP

毕业论文 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT15 压力容器中厚板筒体焊接结晶裂纹分析与工艺改进 摘要 分析了压力容器中厚板筒体在焊接中出现的结晶裂纹，并具体分析了筒体纵环缝产生结晶裂纹的原因。针对上述问题，提出了以焊条电弧焊打底，结合埋弧焊的焊接方法，并从坡口的选择、焊材的选择、焊接操作等方面出发，制定了可行的焊接工艺，保证了压力容器中厚板筒体焊接接头的质量。 关键词：中厚板；结晶裂纹；筒体纵缝；筒体环缝；焊接工艺 Abstract Analyze the crystal cracks appeared in the thicker plate of pressure vessel, and analyze specifically the reason of the crystal cracks that appeared in the longitudinal and circumferential joints in cylindrical shell. According with the above questions, to propose the welding of the first layer use SMAW, then use SAW, and from the choice of groove, welding material selection, welding of operation etc. Make a feasible welding process. Ensure the quality of welding joints in the thicker plate of pressure vessel. Key words: thicker plate; crystal cracks; longitudinal joints; circumferential joints; welding process 目录  TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l _Toc318641287 0 前言  PAGEREF _Toc318641287 \h 5  HYPERLINK \l _Toc318641288 1 结晶裂纹  PAGEREF _Toc318641288 \h 5  HYPERLINK \l _Toc318641289 2 结晶裂纹形成机理  PAGEREF _Toc318641289 \h 5  HYPERLINK \l _Toc318641290 3 结晶裂纹形成的影响因素  PAGEREF _Toc318641290 \h 6  HYPERLINK \l _Toc318641291 3.1 合金元素对结晶裂纹的影响  PAGEREF _Toc318641291 \h 6  HYPERLINK \l _Toc318641292 3.2 工艺因素对结晶裂纹的影响  PAGEREF _Toc318641292 \h 6  HYPERLINK \l _Toc318641293 3.3 应力因素对结晶裂纹的影响  PAGEREF _Toc318641293 \h 7  HYPERLINK \l _Toc318641294 4 筒体纵缝形成结晶裂纹的原因分析  PAGEREF _Toc318641294 \h 7  HYPERLINK \l _Toc318641295 5 筒体环缝形成结晶裂纹的原因分析  PAGEREF _Toc318641295 \h 7  HYPERLINK \l _Toc318641296 6 防止结晶裂纹产生的措施  PAGEREF _Toc318641296 \h 8  HYPERLINK \l _Toc318641297 6.1 控制焊缝中有害杂质的含量  PAGEREF _Toc318641297 \h 8  HYPERLINK \l _Toc318641298 6.2 控制焊缝的截面形状  PAGEREF _Toc318641298 \h 8  HYPERLINK \l _Toc318641299 6.3 改变焊接接头的坡口形式  PAGEREF _Toc318641299 \h 8  HYPERLINK \l _Toc318641300 6.4 改变根部焊道的焊接方法  PAGEREF _Toc318641300 \h 9  HYPERLINK \l _Toc318641301 6.5 降低焊接拉应力  PAGEREF _Toc3186