英语写作Lecture6Narratlon.pptVIP

Lecture 6 Exposition and Argumentation;Concept and Basic Structure;Exposition in CET6;Concept and Basic Structure; 说明文的特点 客观性：说明的目的是介绍事物、阐明事理，所以，作者的态度必须冷静、客观、尽可能不含自己的主观感情色彩。说明文通常没有个人的评论，因此常常采用被动语态。 信息性：所有说明的内容不仅要给读者提供足够的信息还必须客观真实。 解说性:说明文要求对事物的性质、形状、特征等进行直接解说，因而写作要深入浅出、条理分明、通畅易懂。; 说明文的标题 说明文通常用来解释“某一概念”、“……和……的关系”、“什么是……”、“如何解决……的问题”或“如何做……”、“为什么……”或“……的原因”等。所以，常用以下几种形式的标题： 1）名词或名词短语：这种标题中的名词或名词短语就是要说明的对象。例如：The Two-day Weekend, Plastics, Bicycle— An Important Means of Transportation in China, Advantage of Job Interview等。 2）并列结构：这类标题通常用and连接两个名词，文章的核心部分常常是两个概念的比较、相互关系或相互影响。例如：The Computer and Our Life, The Bus and the Subway Train, Motorcycles and City Traffic等。 3）非谓语动词：这类标题的说明文主要侧重如何做某事。例如：How to Succeed in a Job Interview, Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus等。 4）句子：用作说明文标题的句子可以是疑问句也可以是陈述句，有时还用祈使句。例如：How I Finance My College Education? What Would Happen If There Were No Power, The World Is Getting Smaller and Smaller等。 ; 说明文的写作方法 说明文通常分为三部分：第一部分点名要说明的事物；第二部分则使用例证、定义、分类、比较、因果关系等方法对事物进行说明，是说明文的核心部分；最后，通常用一句话或一段文字简短总结要点，例如： Automobiles have been playing an important role in the daily activities of human society. For example, industry needs them for transporting products, while agriculture depends on them for farm supplies. In addition, automobiles are used everyday to carry people to and from work. At weekends, automobiles can take families on tours. Life without cars? It is unthinkable. ;1）例证说明 通过举例使抽象的特征具体化是最简单、最常用、也是非常有效的说明手法。例证通常有两种表现形式：举例例证和细节说明。 举例例证有时不使用任何明显的例证标志性词语，直接叙述事例，但更多的情况下，要借用一些举例标志来实现，如such as, for example, for instance, take the case of, a case in point等。细节说明则是通过细节描绘或数据来说明一个道理或一般事实。 Americans call it doing homework. Parents and teachers think of it as a link between home and school. Work that students do at home each night can give their mothers and fathers information about what is being learned in school and how it is being taught. Nicholas is a 17-year-old high school student in Burke, Virginia