管道安全联邦活动概述和时事政策问题.doc

PAGE  PAGE 17 摘 要 将近一半的一百万英里的石油和天然气输送管道在美国纵横交错。国内管道建设做了重大投资来保护这些系统和应对可能发生的恐怖袭击。然而，美国管道由于数量和分散的原因内部脆弱。由于管道在我们的经济中所发挥的重要作用，大会要检查对联邦管道安全性作出努力的充分性。 美国运输安全管理局，在国土安全部，领导美国联邦安全局的所有运输方式——包括管道。该机构通过安全审查、风险评估和检查负责行业的鉴定和保护重要管道资产。管道安全办公室，在交通运输部，领导美国联邦调节管道安全。当美国运输安全管理局和管道安全办公室有不同的任务时，管道的防护和安全是交织在一起的。在机构和有关的资源之间，存在一些关于职责适当分工的问题，他们将授权安全活动。 作为管道安全的领导机构，以2002年最初安全指导流程为基础，美国运输安全管理局预测出管道运营说明来维护安全。管理局还计划发行管道安全法规，虽然现在还不清楚是否以及何时发行。该机构还将发行新的分析模型来帮助运营商确定关键设施和评估容易遭受的恐怖袭击。2003年管理局发现，几乎所有运营商都已经达到或超过了最低安全指南。工业和政府机构一般主张促进美国管道安全性的努力工作要在正确的轨道上进行。然而，管理局目前的管道安全建设资金只能为检查和未来任何规定的实施提供有限的能力。总统的FY2005预算要求不包括管理局管道活动专区的一系列项目；他们将从该机构的总体经营预算中获得资助。这个报告将被更新为事件令。 关键词：恐怖袭击，领导机构，资助。 Abstract Nearly half a million miles of oil and gas transmission pipeline crisscross the United States. The nation’s pipeline industry has made substantial investments to protect these systems and respond to the possibility of terror attacks. However, U.S. pipelines are inherently vulnerable because of their number and dispersion. Due to the essential role pipelines play in our economy, Congress is examining the adequacy of federal pipeline security efforts. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA), within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), is the lead federal agency for security in all modes of transportation — including pipelines. The agency oversees industry’s identification and protection of critical pipeline assets through security reviews, risk assessment and inspections. The Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS), within the Department of Transportation (DOT), is the lead federal regulator of pipeline safety. While TSA and the OPS have distinct missions, pipeline security and safety are intertwined. There are questions about the appropriate division of responsibility between the agencies and about the resources they will have for mandated security activities. As the lead agency for pipeline security, TSA expects pipeline operators to maintain security plans based on security guidance initially circulated in