用matlab研究声学现象-复旦大学物理教学实验中心FudanPhysics.doc

 PAGE 28 摘要： matlab是一种用于算法开发、数据可视化、数据分析以及数值计算的高级技术计算语言和交互式环境。本文利用matlab的强大计算功能和信号数据处理功能，对声音信号进行研究。以音叉为切入点，用傅立叶变换（FFT）对音叉振动的图像展开分析，测算音叉频率等性质。与传统物理方法不同的是并没有利用声学和振动的物理性质，只是利用录制的声音文件和matlab的计算机实测功能。本文还用matlab设计的数字滤波器对声音信号进行滤波降噪处理，并对实验方法的改进展开了讨论。 关键词：语音信号 matlab 音叉 傅立叶变换 数字滤波器 目录 一、引言···························································4 二、音叉的振动······················································5 2.1 音叉介绍·····················································5 2.2 音叉基本性质·················································5 三、傅立叶变换······················································6 3.1 简介 ·······················································6 3.2 离散傅立叶变换（DFT）·········································6 3.3 快速傅立叶变换（FFT）·········································7 3.4 用FFT变换处理声音信号······································7 3.5 音叉频率·····················································9 3.6分析与结论··················································14 3.7 改进方法····················································16 3.8 FFT变换的其它应用···········································17 四、数字滤波器······················································19 4.1 滤波器简介··················································19 4.2 数字滤波器原理·············································19 4.3 理想滤波器分类·············································20 4.4 滤波器的设计···············································21 4.5 对音频文件进行滤波处理·····································21 4.6 结论·······················································24 五、结束语························································25 谢致······························································26 参考文献···························································27 引言 在我们生活的世界中，声音是最常见的信息传递方式之一。声音的振动在连续介质中传播。振动的物体称为声源，声源引起周围空气分子加速，并向周围波状扩散，这就是空气中的声音。人耳对声音的感觉决定于声音的频率，它使我们能区别不同人讲话以及不同物体发出的声音。一般的自然界的各种声音中含有许多不同频率的声波，人耳通过接受到的声音的振动频率来区分不同的声音。 matlab是一种用于算法开发、数据可视化、数据分析以及数值计算的高级技术计算语言和交互式环境。matlab的应用范围非常广，包括信号和图像处理、通讯、控制系统设计、测试和测量、财务建模和分析以及计算生物学等众多应