大学分子生物学经典双语课件C4-Gene_mutation_and_exchange.pptVIP

Chapter Ⅳ Gene mutation and exchange;4.1 Mutation;1 Types of gene mutation (1) Induced mutation and spontaneous mutation(2) Single-point mutation and multi-point mutation(3) Synonymous mutation and missense mutation(4) Nonsense mutation, stop codon mutation and suppressor mutation (5) Other types ;2 Mechanism of mutagenesis;（2）Induced mutation;Two adjacent TT by ultraviolet radiation to produce the dimer;Base chemical modifiers;base mutation by alkylation agent;base mutation by hydroxylamine ;Structure of base analog;5-BU caused the A-T to the G-C conversion;Pairing of 2 – amino purine and cytosine;Conversion the A-T to the G-C caused by 2 – aminopurine(2-AP);Some mutagenicities intercalate agent; Mutation mechanism induced by intercalate agent;3 Hot spot of mutation;Comparing of 5 - methyl cytosine deamination and cytosine deamination ;4.2 DNA repair;2 Uracil-N-glucosidic bond system;3 Photoreactivation;4 Excision repair(dark repair );5 Recombination repair ;6 SOS (Emergency repair system); 4.3 Recombination; According to the difference of the mechanisms and protein factors required, recombination can be divided into three types： Homologous recombination； Site-specific recombination； Transpositional recombination ;4.3.1 Homologous recombinantion;4.3.1.1 Holliday model;4.3.1.2 Meslson-Radding model;Meslson-Radding Model ;2 Site-specific recombination;Schematic ofλ phage integrated;4.4 Transposition;4.4.1 Transposons and their structural characteristics ;4.4.1.1 IS element;l?? IS target site;4.4.1.2 Composite transposon;4.1.1.3 TnA family;4.4.2 Transposons in eukaryotes ;（1）Ac-Ds system;transposable element 是引起玉米糊粉层花斑不稳定 现象的遗传因子 ;Spm/dSpm has two genes. tnpA consists of 11 exons that are transcribed into a spliced 2500 base mRNA. tnpB may consist of a 6000 base mRNA containing ORF1 + ORF2.;4.4.2.2 Transposons in Drosophila melanogaster;;;;4.4.2.3 Retrotransposons;viral super