3.光亮度计算(Lighting)-1-知识分享平台.ppt

虛擬實境設計;TerminologyThe term Virtual Reality (VR) was initially coined by Jaron Lanier, founder of VPL Research (Visual Programming Language) (1989). Other related terms include Artificial Reality (Myron Krueger, 1970s), Cyberspace (William Gibson, 1984), and, more recently, Virtual Worlds and Virtual Environments (1990s). Today, Virtual Reality is used in a variety of ways and often in a confusing and misleading manner. Originally, the term referred to Immersive Virtual Reality. In immersive VR, the user becomes fully immersed in an artificial, three-dimensional world that is completely generated by a computer. ;Head-Mounted Display (HMD) The head-mounted display (HMD) was the first device providing its wearer with an immersive experience. Evans and Sutherland demonstrated a head-mounted stereo display already in 1965. It took more then 20 years before VPL Research introduced a commercially available HMD, the famous EyePhone system (1989). ;A typical HMD houses two miniature display screens and an optical system that channels the images from the screens to the eyes, thereby, presenting a stereo view of a virtual world. A motion tracker continuously measures the position and orientation of the users head and allows the image generating computer to adjust the scene representation to the current view. As a result, the viewer can look around and walk through the surrounding virtual environment. ;To overcome the often uncomfortable intrusiveness of a head-mounted display, alternative concepts (e.g., BOOM and CAVE) for immersive viewing of virtual environments were developed. ;CAVEThe CAVE (Cave Automatic Virtual Environment) was developed at the University of Illinois at Chicago and provides the illusion of immersion by projecting stereo images on the walls and floor of a room-sized cube. Several persons wearing lightweight stereo glasses can enter and walk freely inside the CAVE. A head tracking system;Input Devices and other Sensual Technologies A variety of in