高中英语译林版必修1讲义Unit2GrowingpainsSectionⅡ.docVIP

第  PAGE 3 页 共  NUMPAGES 3 页 Unit 2 Growing pains Section Ⅱ Grammar 定语从句(Ⅱ) 一、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 要掌握“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，我们要注意以下三点： 1．关系代词的选用 在介词后作宾语的关系代词一般只有which，whose和whom。如先行词是物，引导词用which；如先行词是人，则引导词用whom；whose适用于两者，但要注意whose后面有它所修饰的名词或代词，因为whose在定语从句中起到形容词的作用。 This is the ship on which I went to Shanghai. 这是我去上海所乘坐的船。 This is the student for whom I bought the book. 这是我给买书的那个学生。 The boss in whose firm I worked for 10 years retired yesterday. 我供职十年的那家公司的老板昨天退休了。 2．介词的选用 “介词＋关系代词”中的介词主要有以下三种确定方法： (1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用介词。 The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first.(speak to) 和我说话的那个人起先没有回答。 The West Lake，for which Hangzhou is famous，is a beautiful place.(be famous for) 西湖是个美丽的地方，杭州以此而闻名。 (2)根据先行词来确定介词。 In his room，we saw a big table on which there were all kinds of books.(on a big table) 在他的屋子里，我看见一张大桌子，上面放着各种书。 Yesterday we had the meeting at which we discussed many problems.(at the meeting) 昨天我们开了个会，会上我们讨论了许多问题。 (3)根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。 Air，without which man cant live，is really important. 空气确实太重要了，没有它人类就不能生存。 In front of the house Tom is planting a tree，under which he will be able to sit and read some day. 汤姆正在屋前种一棵树，将来有一天他将能坐在这树下看书。 3．介词的位置 介词一般放在关系代词which，whose和whom之前，但也可放在原来的位置上。 The house in which we live is not large.＝The house (which/that)we live in is not large. 我们住的房子不大。 This is the man from whom I learned the news.＝This is the man(that/whom)I learned the news from. 这就是告诉我消息的那个人。 注意：介词和从句中的动词是固定词组时，这个介词一??不前置。介词不在关系词前时，关系代词可以用that和who，而且有时也可省略，这样的固定词组有look for，look after，take care of等。 这是我正在找的书。 This is the book(which/that)I am looking for.(正) This is the book for which I am looking.(误) 这位老人就是我所照顾的病人。 The old man is the patient(who/that/whom)I am looking after.(正) The old man is the patient after whom I am looking.(误) 二、关系副词引导的定语从句 常见的关系副词有when，where，why。 1．when修饰的先行词是表示时间的词，如time，moment，month，day，year等，在定语从句中作时间状语。 Do you remember the day when he was born？＝Do you remember the day? He was born on that day. 你记得他出生的日期吗？