土木专业英语教案(黎永建上传)1-2.pptVIP

Specialized English;学习要求;Lesson 1 Careers in Civil Engineering;Engineering is a profession(专门职业), which means that an engineer must have a specialized university education. Many government jurisdictions(政府行政区) also have licensing （许可、准许）procedures which require engineering graduates（工科毕业生）to pass an examination, similar to the bar(法庭、律师的职业) examinations for a lawyer, before they can actively start on their careers. 土木工程是一个意味着工程师必须要经过专门的大学教育的职业。许多政府管辖部门还有（一套）认证程序，这一程序要求工科毕业生在他们能积极地开始（从事）他们的事业之前，通过（认证）考试, 这种考试类似于律师职业里的律师考试一样。 ;Supervision Engineer 监理工程师 Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China (住房和城乡建设部) first-grade registered construction engineer 一级建造师 Registered Certificate of Constructor The People’s Republic of China 简称为 RCCPRC 国家注册一级建造师证书 Cost Engineer 造价工程师 Structure Engineer 结构工程师 ; In the university, mathematics, physics, and chemistry are heavily emphasized(强调、加强) throughout the engineering curriculum（课程表）, but particularly in the first two or three years. Mathematics is very important in all branches(分支、门类) of engineering, so it is greatly stressed（强调、着重）. ; Today, mathematics includes courses in statistics, which deals with gathering（集合）, classifying（分类）, and using numerical（数学的、数字的） data, or pieces of information. An important aspect of statistical mathematics（统计数学） is probability（概率论）, which deals with what may happen when there are different factors, or variables（变量）, that can change the results of a problem. ;Before the construction（施工） of a bridge is undertaken（着手、开始）, for example, a statistical study is made of the amount of traffic（交通量）（省略了which） the bridge will be expected to handle. 例如，在承担桥梁的建设之前, 运用统计研究来预计未来桥梁期望承受的交通量. ;In the design of the bridge, variables such as water pressure on the foundations（基础）, impact（冲击力）, the effects of different wind forces（风力）, and many other factors must be considered.在桥梁的设计中，必须考虑(各种)变量的作用