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怀来矿业有限公司废水处理及资源化项目 可 行 性 研 究 报 告 PAGE  PAGE 80 body or an attribute may convey symbolic meaning, for example, a baleful eye in Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Tell-Tale Heart.” ?4. Symbol used in works of fiction is the symbolic act? Another kind of symbol commonly employed in works of fiction is the symbolic act: an act or a gesture with larger significance than its literal meaning. Captain Ahab in Melville’s Moby-Dick deliberately snaps his tobacco pipe and throws it away before setting out in pursuit of the huge whale, a gesture suggesting that he is determined to take his revenge and will let nothing to distract him from it. Another typical symbolic act is the burning of the barn by the boy’s father in Faulkner’s “Barn Burning”: it is an act of no mere destroying a barn, but an expression of his profound spite and hatred towards that class of people who have driven his family out of his land. His hatred extends to anything he does not possess himself and, beyond that, burning a barn reflects the father’s memories of the “waste and extravagance of war” and the “element of fire spoke to some deep mainspring” in his being.?5. A symbol is a trope?In a broad literary sense, a symbol is a trope that combines a literal and sensuous quality with an necessary or suggestive aspect. However, in literary criticism it is necessary to distinguish symbol from image, metaphor, and, especially, allegory.?An image?An image is a literal and concrete representation of a sensory experience or of an object that ?can be known by one or more of the senses. It is the means by which experience in its richness and emotional complexity is communicated. (Holman and Harmon, A Handbook to Literature, 1986) Images may be literal or figurative, a literal image being one that involves no necessary change or extension in the obvious meaning of the words. Prose works are usually full of this kind of image. For example, novels and stories by Conard and Hemingway are noted fo