2012届高考英语语法精讲精练非谓语动词[学生版].doc

第 PAGE28页 共 NUMPAGES28页 2012届新课标高三第二轮专题讲解 非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点，也是我们英语学习中所碰到的难点之一。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，V-ing分词（又分为现在分词和动名词）和过去分词。 1.非谓语动词的语法功能 所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语（主语）补足语定语插入语（独立成分）V-ing形式现在分词●●●●动名词●●●●不定式（to do）●●●●●●过去分词（done）●●●●注：常见作独立成分的非谓语动词 to tell you the truth(实话说)，needless to say(不用说)，to be honest/frank(老实说，坦白说)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to make things worse (更糟的是)，not to mention…(更不用说)，Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking (一般说来 / 坦白说 / 粗略地说) 2.非谓语动词的变化形式 非谓语 形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式to doto be donefor sb. to do sth. 或 of sb. to do sth.在“to”前加not 或never进行式to have doneto have been done完成式to be doing/完成 进行式to have been doing/动名词一般式doingbeing donesb.或sb’s doing 作主语要用 sb’s doing在前加not 特别注意复合结构的否定式： sb’s not doing sb’s not having done完成式having donehaving been done现在 分词与动名词变化形式相同在前加not （一）辨别谓语与非谓语 特别注意分析句子的结构才能辨别谓语与非谓语。 ①The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and __ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A. being weighed B. weighs C. weighed D. weighing 【解析】容易误选B或C，将其当成谓语看待。under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds用作children的定语。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。 ②______ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give 【解析】如果不注意分析句子结构，会误选A或C项。这是祈使句+and+陈述句的句型。答案B。 （二）非谓语作主语、宾语的重点 1.it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语 ①It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。 ②I think it important for us to learn English very well.我认为对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。 it作形式主语使用动名词的句型 ①It is no use/no good/useless+doing sth. It is no use crying.哭没有用。 ②It is fun(a great pleasure, a waste of time) It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。 2.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定 ①I don’t want ____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded 【解析】want后要跟动词不定式作宾语，s