Chapter8—GeneExpressionTheFlowofGenetic…第8个基因表达的基因流….doc

Page PAGE158 Page PAGE140 Chapter 8—Gene Expression: The Flow of Genetic Information from DNA via RNA to Protein Fill in the Blank 1.The usual flow of genetic information within a cell or organism is often called the __________ ___________ of Molecular Biology.Ans:Central DogmaDifficulty:??1 2.There are ______ total possible codons. Of these, the codon _______ is recognized by a ribosome as the initiator codon.Ans:64; AUGDifficulty:??3 3.There are _______ stop (nonsense) codons recognized by ribosomes. The sequences of these codons are _______, ________, and ________.Ans:3; UAA, UAG, UGADifficulty:??3 4.____________ is the process of making RNA from a DNA template, where ____________ is the process of making protein by reading the mRNA code.Ans:transcription; translationDifficulty:??2 5.A ____________ is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. A ____________ ___________ is a change in the DNA that does not change the structure of the protein product.Ans:mutation; silent mutationDifficulty:??3 6.Splicing of eukaryotic RNA molecules removes the _____________ and links together the __________ within the genetic sequence.Ans:introns; exonsDifficulty:??2 7.___________ _____________ is the small roundworm that is the first organism of its kind to be completely mapped genetically.Ans:Caenorhabditis elegansDifficulty:??3 8.If a base is inserted into or deleted from a DNA sequence, a _____________ mutation will occur.Ans:frameshiftDifficulty:??2 9.A ribosome has two slots where codons and tRNA molecules fit. The names for these areas within the ribosome/mRNA/tRNA complex forms are the ____________ site and the _____________ site.Ans:peptidyl; aminoacylDifficulty:??4 10._________________ mutations usually cause a change in the amino acid sequence by changing the meaning of a specific codon.Ans:missenseDifficulty:??2 11.Processing of eukaryotic RNA usually adds a ___________