武汉大学考博训培班考博英语写作指教.ppt

2011 博士生入学考试冲刺;作文水平的划分和定位： ;应试作文的分类;考题特点： ; 议论文考题通常可以归纳为两大类：讨论类和分析解决型： ; 结构分析　　单边论证通常这两类问题所对应的文章可以用以下的五段论结构来完成：引言段(introduction)提出观点，正文(body)三段通过三个理由来对观点进行论证，结尾段(conclusion)重申一下自己的观点。因为此种结构只对自己支持的观点进行论证，因此叫单边论证，可以用下图来表示：　　Introduction　　Background + My Opinion　　Body　　1.Reason One + Supporting Sentences (ss表示)　　2.Reason Two + SS　　3.Reason Three + SS　　Conclusion:　　Restatement of My Opinion;双边论证　　另一种论证方法称为双边论证。双边论证基本为四段论，它与单边的最大区别在正文，正文两段分别对题干提出的两个观点或优缺点进行论证。我们也通过下图来认识此种结构： 　?? ?Introduction　　Background+ My Opinion / Layout　　Body　 　1. Opinion One/ Advantage　 　Topic sentence+ Reason One + Supporting Sentences　 　+ Reason Two + Supporting Sentences　 　2. Opinion Two/ Disadvantage　 　Topic sentence+ Reason One + Supporting Sentences　 　+ Reason Two + Supporting Sentences　 　+ Reason Three + Supporting Sentences　　Conclusion　　Statement of My Opinion (for opinion two/ more disadvantages than advantages);II 分析解决型　　此类问题模式通常会给出一个话题，如juvenile delinquency，要求考生分析产生此问题的原因，并给出一些缓解的方法。如：　　1). Crime is increasing in many countries. Discuss some of the reasons for this increase and suggest some ways in which government can combat the problems.　　2). Nowadays, people are facing more and more work-related stress. State the possible reasons for this phenomenon and make some recommendations about how to solve it.;它们所对应的文章结构见下图。　　Introduction　　Background + layout　　Body　　 1.Reasons / Problems　　 Topic Sentence + Reason One / Problem One + supporting sentences　 　+ Reason Two / Problem Two + supporting sentences　 　2. Suggestions / Effects　 　Topic sentence + Suggestion One / Effect One + ss+ Suggestion Two / Effect Two + ss　　Conclusion:　 　Restatement of the Body;The basic patterns of argumentative writing;考博题型分析;2010年武汉大学博士Directions: Recently, more and more grown-up children are living on their parents, fo