非谓语动词语讲法义.pptVIP

非 谓 语 动 词;不定式;不定式;1.不定式作主语: to 不定式句中作主语, 多数情 况下用 it 作形式主语，将不定式后置。例如： To tell a lie is wrong. = It is wrong to tell a lie．说谎是错误的。 应邀到这儿来很荣幸。 To be invited here is an honor. = It is an honor to be invited here． 动词take, cost, require, make等也可用上述结构。 步行到那儿要20分钟。 It takes twenty minutes to walk there． 坐飞机去日本花费大约500元。 It costs about five hundred dollars to fly to Japan．; 掌握一门语言需要下功夫。 It requires efforts __________________． It requires efforts to master a language． 找到一份好工作他很高兴。(It delighted him…) It delighted him to find a good job． 在疑问和感叹句中, 只能用 it 作先行词的结构。 和他们一起工作多么令人高兴!(What a pleasure…) What a pleasure it is to work with them! 假日去钓鱼多么令人放松! (How relaxing …) How relaxing it is to go fishing in a holiday! 演一部短剧不是个好主意吗? (Isnt it a good idea…) Isnt it a good idea to put on a short play?;在 it 作形式主语的结构中, 常用 for + 名词 / 代词 作不定式的逻辑主语。例如： 对于他掌握演说艺术是不可能的. It is impossible for him to master the art of speaking． It is not right for them to stop halfway． 他们半途而废是不对的。 It + be + 形容词 + of + 名词或代词 + to不定式, 常用形容词表示不定式逻辑主语的特征: foolish, clever, stupid, nice, kind, rude, careless 等。 你这么说太好了。 You are kind to say so. = It is kind of you to say so. 她真勇敢，救了学生。 (brave… save) It was brave of her to save the pupils. = She was brave to save the pupils.;2.不定式作宾语: 分为 5 种结构 1) 动词 + to不定式, 常用动词有 promise, decide, want, refuse, pretend, agree, long, choose, try, demand, expect, hope, learn, manage, afford 我渴望成为一个足球明星。 I longed to become a football star． 他同意保密。 He agreed to keep it secret． 2) 动词 + 疑问词 + to不定式, 常用动词有 know, decide, wonder, learn, remember, see, understand, think, find out 等。例如： 我不知道说什么安慰她。 I don’t know what to say to calm her． 他们在学习如何修汽车。 They are learning how to repair cars．;3) 动词 + 间接宾语 + 疑问词 + to 不定式 常用动词有show，teach，advise，tell， inform等。例如： The farmer showed us how to milk the cow． 那个农夫教我们如何挤奶。 Mr. Crook taught them how to type． 克罗克先生教他们怎样打字。 4) 动词 + 形式宾语 it + 宾补 + to不定式 (真宾语) 常用动词有:find, think, consider, make, feel等。 我觉得学第二外语很重要。 ( I find it…) I