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《新编简明英语语言学教程》PPT课件.ppt杨丽华
;Pragmatics;Some basic notions in Pragmatics;Pragmatics vs. semantics ;Contextnoted by British linguist John Firth;Sentence meaning vs. utterance meaning ;“I just ate one bowl of rice”;Correctness vs. appropriateness ;Speech act theory ;Two types of utterances;Some Examples of Performatives;Austin’s new model of speech acts ;For example,“It is cold in here.”;Analyze the illocutionary acts of the following conversation between a couple:
----(the telephone rings)
----H: That’ the phone. (1)
----W: I’m in the bathroom. (2)
----H: Okay. (3)
This seemingly incoherent conversation goes on successfully because the speakers understand each other’s illocutionary acts:
(1)?? Making a request of his wife to go and answer the phone.
(2)?? A refusal to comply with the request; issuing a request of her husband to answer the phone instead.
(3) Accepting the wife’s refusal and accepting her request, meaning “all right, I’ll answer it.”;Searle’s classification of speech acts (1969) ;Assertives/representatives ;Directives ;Commissives ;Expressives ;Declarations ;Note: (1) All the acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose but differ in their strength or force, e.g.
I guess / am sure / swear he is the murderer.
Note: (2) In order to get someone open the door, we can choose one from a variety of the forms in below:
Could you open the door, please!
Can you open the door!
Do you mind opening the door?
Open the door!
The door please!;Principle of conversation (Paul Grice) ;Four maxims of CP;Conversational implicature ;Violation of Maxim of quality ;Violation of maxim of quantity ;Violation of maxim of relation ;Violation of maxim of manner ;Politeness principle (Leech) ;Morphological and syntactic change;Vocabulary change ;Addition of new words;Coinage;Clipped words;Blending;Acronyms;Back-formation;Functional shift ;Borrowing;Loss of words ;Changes in the meaning of words ;Widening of meaning;Narrowing of meaning;Meaning shift ;Some recent trends;
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