Linux入门与介绍.pdf

Linux overview This course is a brief introduction to Linux and related knowledge, concepts for people who know little or nothing about it. Hopefully it will be helpful. Course contents and objective ? To know what’s Linux and how to install it ? Directory Structure of Linux ? commands in common use ? common editors and development tools ? shellScript introduction ?What is Linux ? A brief history of Linux Linux(unix-like operating system) is a high performance, yet completely free operating system that closely resembles UNIX. An operating system is the main software that operates on a computer. UNIX was originally developed by Ken Thompson at Bell Labs, the legendary research arm of ATT (the former U.S. telecommunications monopoly) in 1969. Linux was started in 1991 by Linus Torvalds, then a student at the University of Helsinki in Finland. ?Advantages of linux ? completely free ? Another advantage of Linux is that it can operate on a much wider range of hardware than most other operating systems. It can run on notebook computers, desktop computers, workstations, mainframes, supercomputers, handheld devices (including some cell phones), game machines, industrial robots and even a wristwatch! ? its source code is freely available to everyone (including making as many copies as desired for personal or business use, using it on any number of computers, modifying it in any way desired, giving away copies of the original or modified versions, and even selling such copies for a profit!) ?What’s disadvantages ? Discussion ? Linux release versions ? CentOS，从Red Hat发展而来的发行版，由志愿者维护。 它包含一个与Red Hat 100%兼容的系统和一个开发中的 但并不总是兼容。 ? Debian，一个强烈信奉自由软件，并由志愿者维护的系 统。 ? Fedora，是Red Hat的社区版 ? Gentoo，一个面向终极用户的发行版，所有软件的源代 码需要自行编译。 ? PCLinuxOS，Mandriva的衍生版本，由社区维护的非常流 行的发行版。 ? Red Hat Enterprise Linux，Fedora的商业版，由Red Hat维 护和提供技术支持。 ? Ubuntu，一个非常流行的桌面发行版，由Canonical维护。 ? Ho