2016-2017学年外研版选修6Module1SmalltalkGrammar学案.doc

学习目标：学习和区别didn’t need to do 和needn’t have done的用法，提高语言运用能力。 学习方法指导：通过复习知识点，高考链接的训练对该语法进行巩固和熟练应用。 学习过程： Ⅰ.1. 本模块提到了need表示“过去不必做某事”的表达方法。didn’t need to do 和needn’t have done 这两种结构都可以表示过去不必做某事, 但didn’t need to do表示“没必要, 实际上也没有做某事”;而needn’t have done则表示“本没有必要, 但实际上已经做了某事”。 比较: ①They didn’t need to do it themselves, so they went home in advance. ②They did not need to go to school, so they went camping together. ③I didn’t need to get up early this morning, so I stayed in bed until 9 a. m. 上面三句话中, ①表明他们没必要自己做, 实际上他们也没有自己做; ②表明我们没有去上课; ③表明实际上“我”没有早起。 ①As it turned out to be a small house party, we needn’t have dressed up so formally. ②—Mr. Smith didn’t come last night, did he? —No. We needn’t have waited for him. A whole night was wasted.[来源:学科网] ③ You needn’t have said that when he asked. 以上三句话中, ①表明虽然没有必要正式着装, 但实际上打扮得都很正式; ②表明虽然没必要等史密斯先生, 但实际上等了一晚上; ③表明当他问的时候, 实际上说了。 2. “need”既可以作情态动词, 也可以作实义动词。 1)“need”作为情态动词的用法: ①need表示“需要”或“必须”, 通常用于否定句和疑问句。如: You needn’t do it again. [来源:Z。xx。k.Com] ②needn’t后的不定式间或也能用进行式或被动语态。如:We needn’t be waiting in this place. The hedges needn’t be trimmed this week. 本周树蓠不必要整修。 2)“need”作为实义动词时, 通常用法是: ①人＋need＋to do We need to collect the parcel before we leave for England. ②物＋need＋doing The flowers need watering. ③物＋need ＋to be done His leather shoes needs to be mended. ④另外, “need”后还可以直接跟名词。It is a question that needs very careful consideration. Ⅱ. 情态动词 + have + done (1) must have done 可用来对某件过去的事情作__________推测，表示“一定已经，想必已经”做过某事，用于肯定的陈述句中。否定句中用__________。 She must have received the parcel, I sent it by registered post. (2) may have done, might have done, could have done “___________________________”，就语气而言 could have done 所表的可能性更小些。 He may / might / could have left by nine. 他可能于九点前已离去。 (3) should have done / ought to have done 表示“____________________”但实际未做。 I should / ought to have left London before nine but I