Module1《SectionTwoGrammar》课件（外研版必修3）.ppt

Module 1 Europe;Passive voice;被动语态的定义： 语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态。 被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。;一. 何时使用被动语态 ;2. 需要强调动作的承受者时 ① Books and newspapers in the  reading room mustn’t be taken  away. ② He was awarded first prize in that contest. ;3. 为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。 ① The construction of the new lab must  be completed by the end of next  month. ② Electricity is used to run machines. ;二. 被动语态的构成 1. be+done可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式，被动语态中，done可以带by短语，而系表结构中done相当于adj.不带by短语。;① The question is settled. (系表结构) ② Such questions are settled by us. (被动语态) ③ The composition is well written. (系表结构) ④ The composition is written with great care. (被动语态);2. 许多verbs (broken, interested, shut, worried), 既可以用做adj.，也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词，句中如果有by，通常是被动语态。;① I was worried about you all night. (表状态) I was worried by mosquitoes all night. (表动作) ② The glass was broken by Jack. (表动作) The glass is broken. (表状态);三. 不同形式的被动语态 1. 含有直宾和间宾的主动结构，变为被动时可将其中一个宾语变为主语另一个不动一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。;He showed me his pictures.;2. 含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。 ;(2) make, let, have, hear, watch, see, feel, notice. 使役动词后做宾补的不 定式一般不加to, 变为被动, 必须加to。 ;(2) I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night. She was heard to move about in her room uptairs last night.;(3) Did you see Jack take away the magazine? Was Jack seen to take away the magazine? ;3. 情态动词的被动语态 是由情态动词+be+p.p.构成;4. 短语动词的被动语态 一般来讲, 只有及物动词才有被动语态，因为只有及物动词才能有动作的承受者; 但有许多由不及物动词+介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语。;因而可以有被动语态，但应注意短语动词是一个不可分割的整体变被动时， 不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。这样的短语有： look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to, make use of;They had put out the fire before the fire brigade arrived.;5. 有些动词用主动形式表被动含义;7. 主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使用形式替代词it.;8. 宾语为反身代词, 相互代词及虚词it时， 不用被动，只用主动。 ;9. 谓语动词是以下时，无被动。;10. 据说类动词： ;11. 主动形式表被动;② 一些vi.主动形式表被动含义;③ 不定式