Congenital clubfoot etiology Progress.doc

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 14 Congenital clubfoot etiology Progress [Keywords:] congenital clubfoot etiology Progress Congenital Clubfoot (congenital clubfoot, CCF) is a common congenital malformation, the incidence rate of 0.1%. Bilateral incidence of the disease can also be unilateral disease. Bilateral incidence of slightly more than 50%, single the left side than the right side of onset. pathogenesis of both men and women, more men than women, male to female ratio is about 2:1. malformations, including forefoot adduction, heel varus and ankle Horseshoe three parts of the tibia at the same time are combined spin. Since the first study in 1803 Scape CCF has been the cause, the cause is unclear, because a research perspective, objects, drawing and the use of technology, different methods, obtained the cause is different, there have been many theories point of view. 1 Genetic factors Epidemiological studies suggest that our survey, the incidence of genetic factors in the CCF plays an important role. Has been accepted, CCF genetic factors and the incidence is the result of environmental factors [1]. Congenital clubfoot in the genetic model compound known as genetic, its features include: a) multi-gene genetic, b) non-genetic factors such as environmental toxins, viruses and so on, c) there is a factor of genes, but by other factors such as genetic, environmental regulation, d) Although the deformities caused by different reasons, but the phenotype similar to [2]. Dobbs [3] pointed out that children with familial clubfoot, flexion abnormalities in first-degree relatives increases the probability of occurrence, suggesting that genetic factors CCF play an important role in the pathogenesis. On embryonic development in recent years, gene regulation studies have made initial progress, is that transcription factors Hox (homeobox, Hox) genes may be genes associated with CCF. Hox gene family is clustered homeobox gene exists, with a about 180 bp of homologous s