国际结算中英对沾葱抡.docVIP

1? 1.1?The?Concept?of?International?Trade国际贸易的观念? ??????International?trade?is?the?exchange?of?goods?and?services?produced?in?one?country?for?those?produced?in?another?country.?In?most?cases?countries?do?not?trade?the?actual?the?goods?and?services.?Rather?they?use?the?income?or?money?from?the?sale?of?their?products?to?buy?the?products?of?another?country.? 1.2?Introduction?to?International?Payments?and?Settlements?? ???????International?payments?and?settlements?are?financial?activities?conducted?among?different?countries?in?which?payments?are?effected?or?funds?are?transferred?from?one?country?to?another?in?order?to?clear?relations?of?debts.?? ????????国际支付与结算是指为清偿国际间的债权债务关系或跨国转移资金而发生在不同国家之间的货币收付活动。 ??1.2?categories(分类)? (1)、According?to?the?cause?of?international?settlement?International?trade?settlement(国际贸易结算)?? ?????International?trade?settlement?is?created?on?the?basis?of?sales?of??commodities.? 国际贸易结算是指有形贸易活动（即由商品的进出口）引起的货币收付活动.（主要形式）?International?non-trade?settlement?(国际非贸易结算)? invisible?trade无形交易????????????financial?transaction金融业务???payment?between?governments政府间的款项???others???????其他业务 ?(2)、According?to?whether?cash?is?used??????Cash?settlement(现金结算)? ?????International?payments?is?effected?by?shipping?precious?metals?taking?the?form?of?coins,?bars?or?bullions?to?or?from?the?trading?countries.??????Non-cash?settlement(非现金结算)? ?????International?payment?is?settled?by?way?of?transferring?funds?through?the?accounts?opened?in?these?banks.? Four?major?clearing?systems?in?the?world(四大清算系统)? 2.1???SWIFT(Society?for?Worldwide?Interbank?Financial?Telecommunication)? ??SWIFT??is?a?service?organization?established?to?meet?a?number?of?specialized?service?needs?relating?to?interbank?financial?communications?through?a?dedicated?data?processing?and?telecommunication?system.? Membership??会员制??Low?expenses?低费用?Security??????安全性??Standardised??标准化? ??2.2???CHIPS(The?Clearing?House?Interbank?Payment?System).纽约清算所同业支付系统????2.3???CHAPS（Clearing?House?Automated?Payment?System）伦敦银