国际贸易实务 Un创新it 1 Part B.pptVIP

Chapter 1 Introduction and HighlightPart B;Warming-up ;Nature of International Business;Reasons for international trade;The Major Categories of International Business ; Essential Theories About International Trade ;;? first voiced T.P. ;1.Mercantilists view on Trade: The more gold and silver a nation had, the richer and more powerful it was. Thus, the government had to do all in its power to stimulate the nations exports and discourage and restrict imports (particularly the import of luxury consumption goods). ;Policies of the mercantilism;;Balance of Trade贸易差额;;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Protection theory of F.List;Infant industry;J.M.Keynes;Free Trade TheoriesDavid Ricardo 大卫李嘉图 ;1. Theory of Absolute Advantage;绝对优势理论(AA) ---- 当一国(A国)在生产一种产品时比另一国(B国)更有效率（即有绝对优势AA），但在生产另一种产品时效率又不如另一??(B国)（即有绝对劣势AD），那么，两个国家都可专业化生产各自具有绝对优势的产品并出口部分该产品以与对方换取自己具有绝对劣势的产品，从而双方都可受益.;; ---- According to AA theory, if as in table 2-2, can the trade take place between Britain and Portugal? Why?;★重点 2. Theory of Comparative Advantage Comparative cost theory David Ricardo, John Stuart Mill (1900s);Theory of Comparative Advantage (CA) ---- Even if one nation is less efficient than (has an AD with respect to) the other nation in the production of both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade. The first nation should specialize in the production of and export of the commodity in which its AD is smaller (this is the commodity of its CA), and import the commodity in which its AD is greater (this is the commodity of its CD). And the second nation …..;基本思想;比较优势的含义;; ;If the AA (that one nation has with respect to the other nation) is the same proportion for the two commodities as in the table, can the trade still happen?如果两种商品的绝对优势（或绝对劣势）的程度成相同比例，互惠的贸易是否还能进行？;对比较优势原理的修正: 即使一国(A国)与另一国(B国)相比在生产两种商品时都没有效率（都有绝对劣势），两国仍有互利贸易的基础， 除非一国与另一国相比，两种商品的绝对优势（或绝对劣势）的程度成相同比例。;Fac