汉英翻译的教程期末考试复习要点MicrosoftWord文档.docVIP

1. 直译法 (1) 英译按原文的字面翻译, 其比喻意义同原文一样生动, 译文使读者能很快联想起英文中的对等成语. 如: 竭泽而渔 to drain a pond to catch all the fish (相当于 kill the goose that lays the golden eggs) 2) 打草惊蛇 to stir up the grass and alert the snake (相当于 wake a sleeping dog) 3)易如反掌 to be as easy as turning over one’s hand (相当于as easy as falling off a log) 4) 玩火自焚 to get burnt by the fire kindled by oneself (相当于 fry in one’s own grease) 5)掌上明珠 a pearl in the palm (相当于 the apple of one’s eye) 6)对牛弹琴 to play the lute to a cow (相当于 cast pearls before swine) 7)守口如瓶 to keep one’s mouth closed like a bottle (相当于 keep a still tongue in one’s head) 8) 雪中送炭to send charcoal in snowy weather (相当于help a lame dog over a stile) 9) 画蛇添足 to draw a snake and add feet to it (相当于 paint the lily) (2) 不少汉语成语不一定有非常对等的英语成语, 但它们的字面翻译也能使译文读者得到正确无误的形象意义. 如: 1) 声东击西 to shout in the east and strike in the west 2) 刻骨铭心 to be engraved on one’s heart and bones 3)井底之蛙to be like a frog at the bottom of a well 4)调虎离山to lure the tiger from the mountain 5)口蜜腹剑 to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted 2. 意译法 如：手忙脚乱 in a frantic rush 立竿见影get instant results 它虽难以保全成语的文化特色和具体形象，却能简洁明快的反应出成语的喻义。 1) 粗枝大叶: with big branches and large leaves to be crude and careless 2) 无孔不入 to take advantage of every weakness to get into every hole 3) 扬眉吐气 to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath to feel proud and elated ) 灯红酒绿 with red lights and green wine dissipated and luxurious 5) 大张旗鼓 to make a great array of flags and drums on a large and spectacular scale 6) 海阔天空 (to talk) at random with a vast sea and a boundless sky 7) 风雨飘摇 (of a situation) being unstable the wind and rain are rocking 有一部分汉语成语带着一定的中国文化背景, 有的成语在字 面上就含中国古代的人名, 地名, 有的出自寓言或历史的典故. 对这部分成语, 字面翻译是无法为外国读者所接受的. 如加上 解释性文字, 就失去了成语精练的特点. 我们最好 的办法就是绕开其文化背景, 直接译出其真正的 内含意义. 1) 毛遂自荐 to volunteer one’s service 2) 叶公好龙professed love of what one really fears 3) 南柯一梦a fond dream or illusory joy 4) 四面楚歌 to be besieged on all sides 5) 锱铢必较to haggle over e