词汇前缀和后缀教程.pptx

Prefix “pre- ” word-forming element meaning before, from Old French pre- and Medieval Latin pre-, both from Latin prae (adverb and preposition) before in time or place, from PIE *peri- (source also of Oscan prai, Umbrian pre, Sanskrit pare thereupon, Greek parai at, Gaulish are- at, before, ;Lithuanian pre at, Old Church Slavonic pri at, Gothic faura, Old English fore before), extended form of root *per- (1) beyond, forward, through (see per). The Latin word was active in forming verbs. Also see prae-. Sometimes in Middle English muddled with words in pro- or per-;“pro- ” word-forming element meaning forward, forth, toward the front (as in proclaim, proceed); beforehand, in advance (prohibit, provide); taking care of (procure); in place of, on behalf of (proconsul, pronoun); from Latin pro on behalf of, in place of, before, for, in exchange for, just as, which also was used as a prefix. Also in some cases from cognate Greek pro before, in front of, sooner, which also was used in Greek as a prefix (as in problem). Both the Latin and Greek words are from PIE *pro- (cognates: Sanskrit pra- before, forward, forth; Gothic faura before, Old English fore before, for, on account of, fram forward, from; Old Irish roar enough), extended form of root *per- (1) forward, through (see per). The common modern sense in favor of, favoring (pro-independence, pro-fluoridation, pro-Soviet, etc.) was not in classical Latin and is attested in English from early 19c.;“per- ” word-forming element meaning through, throughout; thoroughly; entirely, utterly, from Latin preposition per (see per (prep.)).;fore- Middle English for-, fore-, from Old English fore-, often for- or foran-, from fore (adv. prep.), which was used as a prefix in Old English as in other Germanic languages with a sense of before in time, rank, position, etc., or designating the front part or earliest time.;fore (adv., prep.) Old English fore (prep.) before, in front of, in presence of; because of, for the sake of; ea