新编英语语法教程 位语.ppt

同位语(Appositive);Part I 何谓同位语;Part II 如何辨别同位语;从以上例子我们不难发现同位语的特点： 1) 解释前面的名词，以上的例子都是用来解释人物的名字，身份等 2) 可与前面的名词替换，倘若把同位语与前面的名词位置互换，句子依然成立，且意思相同。 因此，判断同位语的一个方法就是两个名词之间划等号，如果能互相解释并替换，那就是同位语。 判断方法二：即在第一个名词后加上be动词，如果能和后面的名词连成句子，亦能证明是同位语，比如： The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour. The great racing driver = Sir Malcolm Campbell. The great racing driver is Sir Malcolm Campbell. 因此Sir Malcolm Campbell是the great racing driver 的同位语。;当然，同位语除了解释人的身份，名字，职业等，还可以解释时间、地点、事物等。比如： He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. 解释地点 In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R.E. Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time. 解释时间 TIP: 年份后面有相应的事件说明 Bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him. 解释事物 TIP: 解释事物的同位语中通常还包含一个定语从句;Part III 同位语的引导方式;3．有时同位语之前带有引导词，表示同位成分之间的特殊意义。常见的同位语引导词有as，or，chiefly， especially，for example，for instance，in short，mainly，mostly，namely，that is，in particular，in other words，including， that is to say，such as，say，particularly，what，which，who，when，where， why，how，that，whether等。例如： A．There remains only one problem，namely who they should send to head the research there． B．Did he give you a pound，or a hundred pence？ C．A lot of people here，for example，John，would rather have coffee． D．I have no idea what has happened to him．;4．另外，无需借用任何引导词或标点符号，而将同位语直接置于先行词之后。如： A．I have the honor to introduce Johns sister Jane to you． B．Tom gave his friend John a book．;