Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist with end-stage renal disease.doc

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 14 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist with end-stage renal disease [Keywords:] kidney disease, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ thiazolidine dione Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors, PPARs) is a nuclear receptor, known to include PPARα , PPARδ , PPARγ three types, in which PPAR-γ expression in adipose tissue in addition to the external , in the liver, kidney, vascular endothelial cells and macrophages are also expressed. PPAR-γ agonists increase insulin sensitivity, mainly through the body to adjust blood sugar metabolism, while anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrosis, reduce proteinuria, anti-atherosclerosis, it is also playing an important role. Although replacement therapy (peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis and kidney transplantation) can improve the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with clinical symptoms, prolong survival, but the ESRD patients with micro-inflammation and the presence of insulin resistance and cardiovascular events are also affecting the prognosis of patients an important factor, while the PPAR-γ has anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrosis, reduce proteinuria and anti-atherosclerosis and many other dynamic changes may have a beneficial effect in patients with ESRD. On these aspects are summarized as follows: 1 PPAR-γ overview C. Dreyer and F. Chen in the 20th century and the early 90s has toads and mammals in Africa found that PPAR-γ [1,2], it has two subtypes are known γ 1 and γ 2, as compared with PPAR-γ 2 PPAR-γ 1, in its N-terminal extra 30 amino acids, the PPAR-γ 1 can be translated by a unique mRNA from, it can be PPAR-γ 2 mRNA in 31 at start AUG codon translated from. PPAR-γ expression, mainly in fat cells, it can promote multipotent stem cells to mature with the metabolic activity of fat cell differentiation, and to maintain blood glucose and lipids in the stability of the environment [3]. In the kidney, PPAR-γ expressed mai