环境工程专业英语复习题[广石化].docVIP

UNIT 1  Environment环境； system系统； pollution污染 interaction of systems系统之间的相互作用 environmental problem环境问题 environmental disturbance环境破坏 biotic habitat生物环境 acid rain酸雨 sulfur dioxide二氧化硫 nitrogen oxide氮氧化物 carbon dioxide二氧化碳 automobile exhaust汽车尾气 infectious diseases传染性疾病 water-borne diseases水传染性疾病 agrarian society农业社会 industrial society工业社会 industrial revolution 工业革命 Urbanization城市化； industrialization工业化 developed country发达国家； developing country发展中国家； undeveloped country欠发达国家  Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us; that which we can see, hear, touch, smell, and taste. 环境:是指我们周围的物理和生物环境，我们可以看到，听到，触到，闻到和感到这些事物。 System，according to Wehster’s dictionary, is defined as “a set or arrangement of things so related or connected as to form a unit or organic whole; as, a solar system, irrigation system, supple system, the world or universe”. 系统：根据韦氏字典，系统为相关或相联的一组或一系列事情形成一个单元或有机体，例如：太阳系，灌溉系统，供应系统和世界或宇宙。 Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the air, water, or land that can harmfully affect the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms. 污染：可以定义为空气、水或土壤的物理化学或生物特性发生恶化以至于对人类或生物有机体的健康、生存或活性造成了危害。 Two examples of interaction between systems that cause major environmental disturbances are presented-the buildup of atmospheric carbon dioxide, a global problem, and the acid rain problem, normally of regional nature. 对各个系统间的相互作用造成了较大的环境破坏这里给出两个例子，一个是全球性问题即大气中二氧化碳的逐渐增加，另一个是酸雨问题，通常是区域性问题。 With these improvements, however, have come disturbing side effects, such as lost arable land, disappearing forests, environmental pollution, and new organisms resistant to controls. 尽管有这些改进，但这些改进有困扰我们的副作用，如可耕地的丧失，森林的消失，环境污染和难以控制的新有机体。 Both phenomena，urbanization and industrialization, were and are fundamental causes of water and air pollution which the cities of that time were unable to handle. 所有城市化和工业化现象，无论在过去还是现在都是造成在该时代不能处理的水体和大气污染的原因。 Rapid advances in technology for the treat