电子教案统一模板[数控]Unit3.ppt

Unit 3 The Control System of CNC Machines ;3.1 Lesson 5 Open-loop Control System ; The open-loop control systems does not provide positioning feedback to the control unit．The movement pulses are sent out by the control and they are received by a special type of servomotor called a stepper motor. The number of pulses that the control sends to the stepper motor controls the amount of the rotation of the motor. The stepper motor then proceeds with the next movement command. Since this control system only counts pulses and cannot identify discrepancies in positioning，the machine will continue this inaccuracy until somebody finds the error．; The open-loop control can be used in applications in which there is no change in load conditions，such as the NC drilling machine．The advantage of the open-loop control system is that it is less expensive，since it does not require the additional hardware and electronics needed for positioning feedback．The disadvantage is the difficulty of detecting a positioning error (Figure 3-1).;3.2 Lesson 6 Closed-loop Control System ; Servo motors are connected to the spindle. They are also connected to the machine table through the ball-nut leadscrew. A device called a resolver continuously monitors the amount by which the table and/or spindle has moved and sends this information back to the MCU. The MCU can then adjust its signal as the actual table and/or spindle position approaches the programmed position.[2]?Systems that provide feedback signals of this type are called servo systems or servomechanisms. They can position tools with a very high degree of accuracy even when driving motors with high-horsepower ranges.; In the closed-loop control system，the electronic movement pulses are sent from the control to the servomotor, enabling the motor to rotate with each pulse. The movements are detected and counted by a feedback device called a transducer. With each step of movement, a transducer sends a signal back to the con