11群体的遗传平衡.pptVIP

Chapter 11 Population Genetics 第十一章 群体的遗传平衡 11.1 Concept 11.1.1 Gene frequency 11.1.2 Genotype frequency 11.2 Hardy-Weinberg law 哈迪－温伯格平衡 11.2.1 Equilibrium in gene frequencies 基因频率的恒定 11.2.2 Equilibrium in genotype frequencies 基因型频率的恒定 ;11.3 Calculating multi-allele frequencies 复等位基因频率的计算 11.4 Genotype frequencies in the self-crossing population 自交群体中基因型频率的变化 11.5 Transfer of recessive lethal gene in the random mating population 互交群体中隐性致死基因的传递 ;Genes in populations: hardy-weinberg equilibrium 群体中的基因: 哈迪 温伯格平衡 Population genetics 群体遗传学 Deme 同类群 Frequency 频率 Gene pool 基因库 Randomly 随机地 Random mating 随机交配 Selection 选择 Migration 迁移;11.1 Concept Population genetics is the study of alleles of genes in populations, and the force which maintain or change the frequencies of particular alleles and genotypes in populations. The total genetic stock of the population is its gene pool. Individuals have a selection of alleles from that gene pool, possibly taken randomly. ;群体：随机交配 (异交) ，产生可育后代的动态个体群 dynamic ;群体遗传学 研究群体中维持或改变特定等位基因及 基因型频率的作用力的学科。;14.1.1 Gene/allele frequencies 基因频率 某群体中某一等位基因数与位点上出现的基因总数之比（该位点上可能出现的所有基因类型的频率之 和等于1，p+q=1）; Eg. 100个体 AA 30， Aa 60， aa 10 基因型频率为： AA Aa aa 30% 60% 10% ;即： p(A)=(2P+H) / (2P+H+H+2Q)=(2P+H) / 2(P+H+Q) = P+1/2 H q(a)= (H+2Q) / (2P+H+H+2Q)=(2Q+H) /2(P+H+Q) =Q+1/2H 即： p+q=P+1/2H+Q+1/2H=P+H+Q=1;11.2 Hardy-Weinberg law (哈迪－温伯格平衡定律) Hardy and Weinberg independently developed this calculation to show that an equilibrium in genotype frequencies will occur after one generatio