北京联大专升本英语专业考试[语法篇]浅析.ppt

2014专升本英语讲座 －语法篇;时态：所谓时态，就是时间+状态。;;;;特殊情况;情态动词 ;;肯定推测 must;3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，用must have done　　 I didn‘t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.　4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must have been doing 　　---Why didnt you answer my phone call?　　---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didnt hear it.5) 否定推测用cant。　The room is in a terrible mess; It can’t have been cleaned.;;情态动词+have done;特殊情况;非谓语动词 ;动词非谓语形式有以下几种形式变化: ;不定式;;;固定表示法;动名词：（作主语、宾语、表语）;There is no + doing It is no use/good +doing There is no point in +doing have (no) difficulty (in)+ doing/ there is (no) difficulty (in) +doing feel like +doing ;be busy (in) +doing something; cannot help +doing; would you mind +doing ;;分词作定语?　We can see the rising sun. 　 He is a retired worker.　 　There was a girl sitting there.　 注：过去分词作定语，与其修饰的词是被动关系。Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. 　;选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看与主句主语 的关系。 主动关系，用现在分词 被动关系，用过去分词 (Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.　 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Using the book, I find it useful. 　 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。;;分词作状语?（可以表达时间、条件、原因、 结果、伴随等） Because I haven’t prepared tomorrow’s lessons, I have no time to go out with you.= Not having prepared tomorrow’s lessons, I have no time to go out with you.; If you see from the top of the TV tower, you will find the city far more beautiful at night.　 =Seeing from the top of the TV tower, you will find the city far more beautiful at night.　 注：分词的逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致。;独立主格?;　Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. = If weather permits, we are going to visit you tomorrow.　　　His work finished, he left his office with joy. = After his work was finished, he left his office with joy. The bus being late, we missed our train the day when we were back to Paris. ;;;定语从句 ; 关系代词（主语、宾语、定语）1）who, whom, that　 He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.2) Whose　 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.　  3）which, that