会话含意特征 罗洁的云.pptVIP

` * Jane 罗洁云 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1. Defeasibility/cancellability可取消性 in the face of inconsistence with semantic entailments; not keeping with background/ontological assumptions; contrary to what the immediate linguistic context of utterance tells us 2. non-detachability不可分离性 3. Calculability可推导性 4. non-conventionality非规约性 5. Reinforceability可明述性 6. universality普遍性 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1. Defeasibility/cancellability可取消性 可取消性 　　指在一定的语言或非语言的语境之中，一个句子原来所具有的会话含义可能会消失（何兆熊，1999：161）。会话含义是由听话者根据具体语境推导所得而非说话者所说话语的字面意义，因此说话者可以通过特定手段以否认听话者的推论。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. First, conversational implicatures evaporate in the face of inconsistence with semantic entailments; (2.17) Second, conversational implicatures are suspended if not keeping with background/ontological assumptions; (2.19) Third, conversational implicatures are annulled when they run contrary to what the immediate linguistic context of utterance tells us.(2.20) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Jane: Do you want some tea? Damon: Tea would keep me awake. (But I do want to stay awake tonight.) Without the part in the brackets, Damon would implicate that he does not want any tea. However, by adding the bracketed part, he succeeds in cancelling the implicature. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 甲： 学生修满70个学分了没？ 乙：刚好。 甲是负责某校学生成绩管理的教务员，乙是某班主任。按学校的规定， 只要学生修满70个以上的学分，就可授予学士学位。乙的含意本是“该学生只取得了70个学分，不多也不少.“ 此语境中该含意被取消了，因为甲的目的在于关注该学生是否达到获取学位的标准，而不是实际学分的多少。而乙也不是想告诉甲该学生的实际学分，他也只是想说该学生已经符合标准了。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Prof