UnitoneAdvertising第三部分教案GrammarandUsage（牛津译林版必修4）.doc

● Grammar and usage Step 1: General Introduction: Direct speech and reported speech For reference Direct and Indirect Speech also known as Quoted and Reported Speech. We use direct speech to report what exactly has been said. If we write the speech down, the words will usually appear in quotation marks. However, we often prefer to use reported speech or indirect speech to report the meaning of what has been said without using the exact words. Now let’s look at a sentence: She said,‘I have been writing a book on the history of China.’ If you want to tell this sentence to someone else, what will you report? We can change it into: She said she had been writing a book on the history of China. 1. In the section, we will learn the definitions of direct speech and reported speech, how to use direct speech to report what exactly has been said, and to use reported speech or indirect speech to report the meaning of what has been said without using the exact words. For example: T: What did you do last Sunday, S1? S1: I stayed at home and watched TV. T: What did S1 say, S2? S2: S1 said he/she stayed at home and watched TV. T: What did you do last Sunday, S3? S3: I did… What is the difference between each pair of the sentences? (The first answer uses direct speech to report what exactly has been said. The words appear in quotation marks when they are written down. The second answer uses reported speech to report the meaning of what has been said without using the exact words, and without quotation marks. 2. Now let’s look at the following tables, paying attention to the changes of tenses and some other forms. Rules of changes: a. Change direct speech sentence into reported sentence by changing what has been said to an object clause or an infinitive phrase. b. Change personal pronouns c. Change tenses d. Change adverbials of time and place Direct speech Reported speech Direct speech Reported speech Simple present Simple past Simple future Future in the past Present contin