英语语法助动词综述.ppt

英语语法助动词综述

助动词; 协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助 动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。 助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用。如: He doesnt like English.他不喜欢英语。 (doesnt是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义);分类及简介 助动词分为:基本助动词,情态助动词,半助动词。 基本助动词:be,do,have 情态助动词:shall, will, should, would,could 半助动词:以be为中心成分,以have为中心成分,以seem为中心成分。 ;助动词be的用法: 1)be +现在分词,构成进行时态。如: They are having a meeting. English is becoming more and more important. 2)be + 过去分词,构成被动语态。如: The window was broken by Tom. English is taught throughout the world. 3)be + 动词不定式,可表示最近、未来的计划或安排。如: ?He is to go to New York next week. ?We are to teach the fresh persons.;助动词have的用法: 1)have +过去分词,构成完成时态。如: He has left for London. By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 2)have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时。如: I have been studying English for ten years. 3)have + been +过去分词,构成完成式被动语态。如: English has been taught in China for many years.;助动词do 的用法: 1)构成一般疑问句。如: Do you want to pass the CET? 2)do + not 构成否定句。如: He doesnt like to study. In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 3)构成否定祈使句。如: Dont be so absent-minded. 说明: 构成否定祈使句只用do,不用 did和does。 ;4)放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语 气。如: Do come to my birthday party. I did go there. 5)用于倒装句,例如: Never did I hear of such a thing. Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英 语的重要性。;6)用作代动词,例如: — Do you like Beijing? — Yes, I do. (do用作代动词,代替like Beijing.) He knows how to drive a car, doesnt he? 他知道如何开车,对吧?;二、情态助动词;(3)表允许用于非正式场合。 Can在肯定疑问句中表要求在否定句中表禁止。 You can smoke in the entrance hall. Can you lend me 2yuan? Could 用于这个意义时只用于疑问句,语气更加委婉。 Could you please fetch us a few cups? (4)表感情色彩。表某种情绪。 What can satisfied her?(不满) What else can you say?(不耐烦) How can I do such a thing ?(难办); 注意 Can与could 的区别与联系 (1)Could是can的过去式,除具can的各种功能外,还用来表示语气委婉。 (2)Can和could还可以表示某人或某物一时的特点指“有可能有时会” It can be very misty in this area. 这里有时会大雾弥漫。 He could be very proud. 他有时会很骄傲 ;2、may与might;(3)表祝愿通常用may此时句子用倒转语序。 May our friendship live long. Happy may your birthday be . May god bless yo

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