6国外人类记忆课件.ppt

PSY 368 Human Memory;Reminders;Experiment 1 assignment;Structural Model;Structural Model;Two groups of subjects given 3 trials following the Brown-Peterson task (letters) - Memory performance declined with each trial Control group given a 4th trial using letters Experimental group switched to remembering digits;*;*;Wickens (1970, 1972, 1976);Wickens (1970, 1972, 1976);STM Duration;STM Retrieval;STM Retrieval;Serial processing Operations being done one after another It should take longer to retrieve four digits than to retrieve two digits Exhaustive serial processing – the participant always checks the test digit against all digits in the set, even if a match were found partway through the list Self-terminating serial processing – the participant would check the test digit against only those digits needed to make a response;Results Response times increased linearly with set size but were the same regardless of serial position It indicates that serial exhaustive model seems to be right Subjects take longer to respond by probe (by 40 ms) when an additional item is added to the list Same results for probes that were in the list and probes that were not ;Serial Position Curve: Free recall;Models of STM propose that Primacy is due to more rehearsal for items at beginning of list - LTM Recency due to immediate dumping of items from STM;Models of STM propose that Primacy is due to more rehearsal for items at beginning of list - LTM Recency due to immediate dumping of items from STM Recency is stronger effect than primacy in free recall;Modal Model of STM: Summary;Problems with the Modal Models;More Recent Models;Working Memory;Baddeley’s Model;Baddeley’s Model;Baddeley’s Model;Central Executive;Baddeley’s Model;Visuo-spatial Sketchpad;Visuo-spatial Sketchpad;Baddeley’s Model;Episodic Buffer;Baddeley’s Model;Phonological Loop;Phonological Loop;Phonological Loop;Phonological Loop;Phonological Loop;Phonological Loop;Phonological Loop;Potential Problems with the model Some