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摘 要 图像中线类型特征特别引人瞩目，它是视觉感知的重要线索。图像处理中的直线检测技术是一项非常重要的技术。直线是形状图形一种，图像的重要特征，直线方法的研究对图像的理解、模式识别有重要的意义，也是计算机机器视觉和模式识别中最重要的任务之一。 文章首先介绍了直线检测课题研究的背景、意义及国内外研究现状，为了提高直线检测精度，对直线检测前的图像预处理算法进行了详细，并对比了当前主流的直线检测方法。然后针对具有经典意义的基于Hough变换和Radon变换的直线检测进行了详细。最后，基于MATLAB软件平台编写了基于Hough变换和Radon变换的直线检测仿真，通过，验证本文应用的直线检测方法检测效果精度相对高。 关键词：直线检测；Hough变换；Radon变换；MATLAB Abstract The line type characteristics in the mage are particularly eye-catching, it is an important clue visual perception. Line detection technology is a very important technology in image processing. Is a straight line shape is one of a kind, an important feature of the image, linear feature extraction are important research method of image understanding, pattern recognition, and it is one of the most important tasks in the computer vision and pattern recognition . At first, the paper introduces the on line detection research background, significance and domestic and foreign research present situation. In order to improve the precision of straight line detection. Image preprocessing algorithm is explained in detail before linear detection, and compared with the current method of line detection. Then, the linear detection based on Hough transform and Radon transform is described in detail. Finally, based on the Hough algorithm and Radon transform written code at platform of MATLAB software realization of the line detection. In this paper, though the analysis of the results of two kinds of linear detection and simulation results, it is verified that the Radon line detection method used in this paper has a relatively high precision. Keywords: straight line detection；Hough transform；Radon transform；MATLAB 目 录 第1章 1.1论文研究的背景、目的及意义 图像处理包括很多分支，直线形状图形只是其中一种，图像处理中的直线检测技术是一项非常重要的技术。图像中线类型特征特别引人瞩目，它是视觉感知的重要线索[1]，这些线类型特征对应图像中特征“有意义”变化的地方，例如，对于一般的灰度图像来说，线类型特征常常对应目标的轮廓线或边界线；对于纹理(或彩色)特征为主的图像，线类型特征则对应纹理(或彩色)特征显著不藏的两个区域的边界，或纹理内部细微结构之间的边界等。因此抽取这类线类型特征，无论对于描述目标或者解释图像，都是很重要的。所以直线检测是计算机机器视觉和模式识别中最重要的任务之一。 直线是图像的重要特征，直线特征提