语法体系–平时收集3.docxVIP

被动语态(一)简介在英语中，语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态(active voice) 表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态(passive voice)表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Saddam is being tried. 萨达姆正在接受审判。The Iraqi government is trying Saddam. 伊拉克政府正在审判萨达姆。More and more people use computers now.(主动语态)Computers are more and more widely used now.(被动语态)English is spoken all over the world. (被动语态)(二)英汉两种语言在表达被动方式上的差异汉语表达被动语态非常简单明了，用“被”“遭”“受”等词来表示，如“被捕”、“被杀”、“受到凌辱”等。而英语表达被动的方式也不复杂，用“助动词be+动词的过去分词”表示。其中助动词be有人称、数量和时态的变化，而这正是英语被动语态的难点。(三)被动语态的构成被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。这里要强调一定是及物动词的过去分词，因为不及物动词不能带宾语，也就不可能有被动语态。英语主动语态有16个时态;被动语态常用的有8个，以give为例说明如下：时态?动词形式?一般现在时?Am/is/are?given?一般过去时?Was/were?given?一般将来时?Shall/will?be?given?现在进行时?Am/is/are?being?given?过去进行时?Was/were?being?given?过去将来时?Should/would?be?given?现在完成时?Has/have?been?given?过去完成时?Had?been?given?被动语态的疑问句是将第一个助动词移到主语之前、句末用问号;否定式是在第一个助动词后加not或never等其他否定词、句末用句号。如：“During the interview, were you asked questions in English?” “No, I wasn’t asked questions in English.” “面试的时候，用英语问你问题了吗?”“没有，没有用英语问我问题。”The origin of the universe will probably never be explained. 宇宙的起源大概永远也不会被解释清楚。Is the restaurant being decorated? 那家餐馆正在装修吗?The restaurant is not being decorated. In the fact the restaurant has never been decorated。那家餐馆没有在装修。实际上，那家餐馆从来没有装修过。(四)被动语态的用法1、不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。换个说法，有一件事情不知道是谁干的或者不想说出是谁干的，这时就用被动语态。例如：I felt a littlie nervous when I was being interviewed. 我接受面试的时候，有点紧张。These fighters are imported from Russia. 这些战斗机是从俄国进口的。That place has been turned into a swimming pool. 那个地方已被变成游泳池。2、说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观公正，也常用被动语态He’s said/believed/reported to be in the U. S. A. 据说/据信/据报道他在美国。还有下列常用句型(that后面跟句子)：It is said that……. 据说It is reported that……. 据报道It is hoped that……. 希望It is believed that……. 人们相信It is announced that……. 据宣布it is (well) known that……. 众所周知It has been decided that……. 已经决定It is supposed that……. 人们认为It is suggested that……. 有人建议It must be remembered that……. 务必记住It is taken for granted that……. 被视为当然连接词是英语中的一个重要组成部分，它们连接英语的句子和段落，使文章流畅自然，使英语句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间的关系一目了然。英语中连接词分为两大类：连词性连