独立主格结构和with复合结构复习﹝课件﹞.pptVIP

独立主格结构和 with / without复合结构 一．独立主格结构 1.概念: 状语有时可以由一个名词或代词和另一成分构成的复合结构担任,称为独立主格结构。 2.结构: 名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 。 　这一结构在句中可以表示时间、原因、条 件、方式或伴随情况。 (Ⅰ) 名词/代词+分词(过去分词/现在分词) 当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。 1.This problem settled, they left the meeting – room. 2.Time permitting, we`ll go there on foot. 3.He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. (Ⅱ)名词/代词 + (being) 形容词 His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her. 2. He entered the house, his nose red with cold. (Ⅲ)名词／代词＋（being) 副词 He put on his socks， wrong side out. (Ⅳ)名词／代词＋不定式 1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year. (2005湖南) A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 2. Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out. （Ⅴ）名词／代词＋介词短语 在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语 中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯 不用冠词。 1.Our teacher came into the classroom, book in hand. 2.Flag on shoulder, the soldier rushed to the top of the mountain. (Ⅵ)有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅 在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语 的词或词组，省去的分词一般是being 或having been，这是为了简练。但在“being+过去分词”或“there being＋过去分词”结构中，being不可省。 1.Breakfast (being) over, he went to school. 2.There being no cause for alarm, she went back to her room. 3.The room being painted now, we cant go there. 二．With和without复合结构 　with和without复合结构是:　with/without＋名词／代词＋分词／不定式／形容词／副词／介词短语。在句子中可以作状语或定语。 （Ⅰ）with/without＋名词／代词＋现在分词。用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。 I couldn`t finish my work with those children __. A. playing around B. plays around C. played around D. to play around (Ⅱ) with/without 名词／代词+ 过去分词。用过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。 In the read-room, we found her seated at a desk, with her attention __ on a book. A. fixing B. fixes C. fixed D. to fix 　 (Ⅲ) with/without＋名词／代词＋不定式。用不定式表示将要发生的动作。 With a lot of difficult problems __, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling