高三英语总复习课件︰语法14主谓一致.pptVIP

专项语法十四　主谓一致 要点精析 一、语法一致原则 主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即主语是单数，谓语用单数，主语是复数，谓语用复数。 Two students are waiting for you in your office. 两名学生在办公室等你。 二、意义一致原则 1．谓语动词用单数的情况 (1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那个工人兼作家来自武汉。 (2)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语。 Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。 例　(2010·陕西，24)It is reported that many a new house________at present in the disaster area. A．are being built B．were being built C．was being built D．is being built 解析：句意：据报道，现在许多新房屋正在灾区兴建。由at present 可知本句要用现在进行时态，而当“many a＋可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，尽管含有复数意义。 答案：D (3)one/every one/each/either/the number＋of＋复数名词作主语。 Each of the students has a book. 每个学生都有一本书。 (4)由every-，any-，some-，no-和-one, -thing，-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。 Is everybody here today? 今天每个人都在这儿吗？ (5)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。 Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 劝他加入我们看起来确实难。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好的习惯。 Whatever was left was taken away. 无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。 注意：what引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。 What they need are books. 他们需要的是书。 例　(2010·湖南，33)Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A．is B．are C．has D．have 解析：句意：在摇滚音乐中，听嘈杂的音乐使一些青少年造成听力损失。本题考查主谓一致。动名词短语作主语时，谓语用单数。根据句法结构，此处应用主动语态。 答案：C 2．谓语动词用复数的情况 (1)由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黄油都卖完了。 (2)people, police, cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。 People read for pleasure during their spare time. 人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。 (3)一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词，如goods, stairs, arms等作主语。 The goods are made in China. 这些货物都是中国制造的。 (4)由山脉、群岛、瀑布等以s结尾的专有名词作主语。 The Himalayas are the roof of the world. 喜马拉雅山脉是世界屋脊。 (5)a number of/quantities of/a group of＋名词作主语。 A number of other plants were found in America. 在美国发现了大量的其他植物。 例　(2009·福建)—Why does the lake smell terrible? —Because large quantities of water________. A．have polluted B．is being polluted C．has be