PART7OrdinaryDifferentialEquationsODEs.pptVIP

Runge-Kutta Methods Ralston’s Method: x f(xi+ 3/4 h, yi+3/4k1h) xi+h x y f(xi,yi) xi xi+3/4h y ea xi Slope: (1/3k1+2/3k2) Chapter 25 Chapter 25 * Runge-Kutta Methods Third order RK methods Chapter 25 Runge-Kutta Methods Fourth order RK methods Chapter 25 Comparison of Runge-Kutta Methods Use first to fourth order RK methods to solve the equation from x = 0 to x = 4 Initial condition y(0) = 2, exact answer of y(4) = 75.33896 Chapter 25 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * PART 7Ordinary Differential Equations ODEs Ordinary Differential EquationsPart 7 Equations which are composed of an unknown function and its derivatives are called differential equations. Differential equations play a fundamental role in engineering because many physical phenomena are best formulated mathematically in terms of their rate of change. v - dependent variable t - independent variable Ordinary Differential Equations When a function involves one dependent variable, the equation is called an ordinary differential equation (ODE). A partial differential equation (PDE) involves two or more independent variables. Ordinary Differential Equations Differential equations are also classified as to their order: A first order equation includes a first derivative as its highest derivative. - Linear 1st order ODE - Non-Linear 1st order ODE Where f(x,y) is nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations A second order equation includes a second derivative. - Linear 2nd order ODE - Non-Linear 2nd order ODE Higher order equations can be reduced to a system of first order equations, by redefining a variable. Ordinary Differential Equations Runge-Kutta Methods This chapter is devoted to solving ODE of the form: Euler’s Method solution Runge-Kutta Methods Euler’s Method: Example Obtain a solution between x = 0 to x = 4 with a step size of 0.5 for: Initial conditions are: x = 0 to y = 1 Solution: Euler’s Method: Example Altho