S.72-227DigitalCommunicationSystems-Aalto.pptVIP

S-72.227 Digital Communication Systems Fiber-optic Communications Targets today To understand benefits and drawbacks of optical communications To understand basic operation principles of optical cables and determination of performance limits in optical fibers based on fiber physics link bandwidth To understand how LEDs and lasers work To know optical link evolution and basics of optical amplifiers Fiber-optic Communications Frequency ranges in telecommunications Advantages of optical systems Optical fibers - basics single-mode fibers multi-mode fibers Modules of a fiber optic link Optical repeaters - EDFA Dispersion in fibers inter-modal and intra-modal dispersion Fiber bandwidth and bit rate Optical sources: LEDs and lasers Optical sinks: PIN and APD photodiodes Design of optical links Frequency ranges in telecommunications Increase of telecommunications capacity and ratesrequires higher carriers Optical systems apply predominantly low-loss silica-fibers started with links, nowadays also in networks very high bandwidths repeater spacing up tothousands of km Optical communications is especially applicable in ATM (MPLS) FDDI Gb-Ethernet Advantages of optical systems Enormous capacity: 1.3 mm ... 1.55 mm allocates bandwidth of 37 THz!! Low transmission loss Optical fiber loss 0.2 dB/km, Coaxial cable loss 10 … 300 dB/km ! Cables and equipment have small size and weight aircrafts, satellites, ships Immunity to interference nuclear power plants, hospitals, EMP (Electromagnetic pulse) resistive systems (installations for defense) Electrical isolation electrical hazardous environments negligible crosstalk Signal security banking, computer networks, military systems Silica fibers have abundant raw material Optical fibers-basics Basically two windows available: 1.3 mm and 1.55 mm The lower window usedwith Si and GaAlAs and the upper window with InGaAsP compounds There are single- and monomodefibers that may have step or graded refraction index profile Pr