Solutionstoselectedevenproblems-FacultyDirectory.docVIP

Solutions to selected odd problems Chapter 2 2.57 a. Using Excel: =average(First cell:Last cell) or use Descriptive Statistics from Tools/Data Analysis 2.67 a. Range = Maximum – Minimum. Since Maximum = 13, and Minimum = 1 the Range = 12. To calculate the variance, we need to figure out if this set of data represents a population or a sample. In problem 2.54 it is stated that the data is a sample of 20 power plants. So, the sample variance is: S2 = {(5 – 4)2 + (3 – 4)2 + (4 – 4)2 +…+ (3 – 4)2}/(20 – 1) = 9.368. For the standard deviation take the square root of the variance. S = b. Eliminating the maximum value, the variance drops to S2 = 5.15. The range drops to 8. This means that the data set was skewed to the right, because eliminating one value from the “top” of the list reduced the variance about 40% (see also the reduction of the range). So, a value as large as 13 is not typical; most of the values are smaller and closer to one another. c. Eliminating both the maximum and the minimum values the range remains the same, and the variance S2 = 5.05. Since the variance is changing only a bit compared to the one obtained in part ‘b’, there are enough small values left, which enforces the observation made in part ‘b’. Chapter 3 3.1 a. Since P(E1)+P(E2)+P(E3)+P(E4)+P(E5) = 1, then P(E3) = 1-{Sum of the rest of the probabilities} = 1 – {.1+.2+.1+.1} = 0.5 b. P(E1)+P(E2)+P(E3)+P(E4)+P(E5) = 1, we can apply the additional relationships provided, which results in P(E3)+.1+P(E3)+.2+.1 = 1. So, 2P(E3)+.4 = 1, or P(E3) = {1 - .4}/2 = .3. c. Similar to part ‘a’. 3.3 a. P(A) = P(1 or 2 or 3) = .05+.20+.30 = .55 b. P(B) = P(1 or 3 or 5) = .05+.30+.15 = .50 c. P(C) = P(4 doesn’t occur) = 1 – P(4 does occur) = 1 – .3 = .70 3.7 a. B = Blue; R = Red. Sample Points = {BB, BR, RB, RR} b. Let us calculate the number of outcomes for each sample point. To do this it will be convenient to separate the blue marbles by name say B1 and B2 and also call th