滞洪沉砂池设计常见问题之探讨.doc

滯洪沉砂池施作常見的缺失 段錦浩[1] 陳奕銓[2] 吳日凱[3] 摘 要 對於開發所導致過量地表逕流及泥砂的處理，須根據「水土保持技術規範」規定設置適當之滯洪沉砂設施，以降低因開發而增加下游地區洪峰流量及泥砂之衝擊。因此滯洪沉砂設施便成為降低洪峰流量及水土流失控制成敗之關鍵；完善之水土保持相關法規、技術規範及設計和專業技師在水土保持業務上所擔負之責任與角色就益形重要。 本文重心為藉由彙整水土保持計畫案各審查意見中有關滯洪沉砂設施的部分，予以分類、統整、整理分析常見審查意見討論並提出建議，提供水保技師與相關從業人員參考。根據本文整理結果發現五大常見問題：各部分入流及出流的銜接與高程不當、滯洪量或泥沙生產量估算錯誤、排放口公式使用錯誤、滯洪量體或沉砂量體計算錯誤、攔污柵型式不當，由上述可知設計者於這些部份之設計較易發生疏忽，因此，未來從事設計或審查時應加強考量這些部份，藉此提高滯洪沉砂設施設計品質、降低犯錯之可能、縮短審查流程，以促進提高整體水土保持工作之品質與效率。 關鍵字 水土保持計畫、滯洪沉砂池、水土保持計畫審查意見 The Major Issues for the Design of the Flood Detention and Sediment Deposit Pond Ching-Hao Tuan[1] Yi-Chuan Chen[2] Jih-Kai Wu[3] Abstract To cope with excess surface runoff and sediments yield by land development and to reduce the consequent increase of peak flows and sediments, proper detention and deposit facilities should be constructed based on Soil and Water Conservation Technical Code. In other words, detention and deposit ponds are the key preventers of decrease of peak flows, water loss and soil erosion. Besides, applicable laws and regulations of soil and water conservation, proper designs and engineers’ professionalism are also crucial in this matter. This paper is targeted at the collection and analyses of all detention and deposit pond related issues covered in investigators’ reviews of soil and water conservation plans. Most frequent problems and reviews would be analyzed, and potential solutions and advice discussed as reference for all soil and water conservation professionals. The research findings reveal the following five most frequently encountered problems—improper elevation between outfalls and infalls, miscalculation of detention volume or sediment yield, misuse of formulas for outfalls, miscalculation of regulated detention volume or regulated sediment yield (safety coefficients included), and inappropriate forms of trash racks. Facility designers and investigators should pay more attention to these most frequently overlooked details so as to increase the quality