Anurans from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of Western Liaoning, China.docVIP

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Anurans from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of Western Liaoning, China.doc

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Anurans from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of Western Liaoning, China

AnuransfromtheLowerCretaceousJeholGroupof WesternLiaoning,China LipingDong1*,ZbyneˇkRocˇek2,YuanWang1,MarcE.H.Jones3 1Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese AcademyofSciences,Beijing,China,2InstituteofGeology,DepartmentofPalaeobiology,AcademyofSciencesoftheCzechRepublic,Prague,CzechRepublic,3Research DepartmentofCellandDevelopmentalBiology,UniversityCollegeLondon,London,UnitedKingdom Abstract Background:Todate,theLowerCretaceousJeholGroupofwesternLiaoning,Chinahasyieldedfivemonotypicgeneraof anurans,includingLiaobatrachusgrabaui,Callobatrachussanyanensis,Mesophrynebeipiaoensis,Dalianbatrachusmengi ,and Yizhoubatrachusmacilentus.However,thevalidityanddistinctnessofthesetaxahavebeenquestioned. Methodology/PrincipalFinding:WeprovideacomprehensiveanalysisoftheJeholfrogsthatincludesare-examinationof thepublishedtaxaaswellasanexaminationofanumberofnewspecimensthathavebeencollectedoverthepast10 years.Theresultsshowthatthefivepreviouslynamedtaxacanbereferredtothreespeciesofonegenus–Liaobatrachus grabaui, L. beipiaoensis comb. nov. and L. macilentus comb. nov.. The diagnosis of Liaobatrachus is revised, and a new diagnosisisprovidedforeachspeciesofthisgenus.WealsoestablishLiaobatrachuszhaoisp.nov.,onthebasisofadozen well-preserved specimens from a new locality. This taxon is distinguished by a unique combination of characteristics, including relatively long hind limbs, a rounded rather than triangular acetabulum, and a gradually-tapering cultriform processoftheparasphenoid.Inaddition,anunnamedfrogfromahigherhorizon,whichhasnarrowsacraldiapophysesand particularlylonglegs,isdifferentfromLiaobatrachusandrepresentsanotherformofanuranintheJeholBiota. Conclusion/Significance:ComparisonswithotherMesozoicandextantanuransandtheprimaryphylogeneticanalysisboth suggestthatLiaobatrachusisamemberoftheanurancrown-groupandformsapolytomywithleiopelmatids(Ascaphusand Leiopelm