Bambi and Sp8 Expression Mark Digit Tips and Their Absence Shows That Chick Wing Digits 2 and 3 Are Truncated.docVIP

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Bambi and Sp8 Expression Mark Digit Tips and Their Absence Shows That Chick Wing Digits 2 and 3 Are Truncated.doc

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Bambi and Sp8 Expression Mark Digit Tips and Their Absence Shows That Chick Wing Digits 2 and 3 Are Truncated

BambiandSp8ExpressionMarkDigitTipsandTheir AbsenceShowsThatChickWingDigits2and3Are Truncated Jesu′sC.Casanova1,2¤,ClaudioBadia-Careaga1,Vero′nicaUribe1,JuanJose′ Sanz-Ezquerro1,2,3* 1DepartmentofCardiovascularDevelopmentandRepair,CentroNacionaldeInvestigacionesCardiovasculares,CNIC,Madrid,Spain,2DepartmentofImmunologyand Oncology,CentroNacionaldeBiotecnologia,CSIC,Madrid,Spain,3DepartmentofMolecularandCellularBiology,CentroNacionaldeBiotecnologia,CSIC,Madrid,Spain Abstract Anoftenoverlookedaspectofdigitdevelopmentisthespecialnatureoftheterminalphalanx,aspecializedstructurewith characteristicsdistinctfromotherphalanges,forexamplethepresenceofectodermalderivativessuchasnailsandclaws. Here,wedescribetheuniqueossificationpatternofdistalphalangesandcharacteristicgeneexpressioninthedigittipsof chickandduckembryos.Ourresultsshowthatthedistalphalanxofchickwingdigit1isagenuinetipwithacharacteristic ossificationpatternandexpressionofBambiandSp8;however,theterminalphalanxofdigits2*and3isnotagenuinetip, and these are therefore truncated digits. Bambi and Sp8 expression in the chick wing provides a direct molecular assessmentofdigitidentitychangesafterexperimentalmanipulationsofdigitprimordia.Incontrast,digits1and2ofthe duck wing both possess true tips. Although chick wing-tip development was not rescued by application of Fgf8, this treatment induced the development of extra phalanges. Grafting experiments show that competence for tip formation, including nails, is latent in the interdigital tissue. Our results deepen understanding of the mechanisms of digit tip formation, highlighting its developmental autonomy and modular nature, with implications for digit reduction or loss duringevolution.*Numberingofwingdigitsis1,2,3fromanteriortoposterior. Citation:CasanovaJC,Badia-CareagaC,UribeV,Sanz-EzquerroJJ(2012)BambiandSp8ExpressionMarkDigitTipsandTheirAbsenceShowsThatChickWing Digits2and3AreTruncated.PLoSONE7(12):e52781.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052781 Editor:MoisesMallo,Ins