助动词用法讲解.ppt

助动词用法讲解 Ｌｉｎｄａ * * * 　　助动词一般没有词意，不能单独作谓语动词。其作用在于帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定、疑问等。 1、助动词be（am, is, are, was, were, being, been）的用法 （1） be后跟现在分词构成进行时态。 Who is playing the violin?谁在拉小提琴？ She was reading a book then.那时她正在读书。 （2）be后跟过去分词构成被动语态。 He was asked to do the work.有人要他干这件工作。 You are invited to attend the meeting.有人邀请你参加会议。 （3）be 后跟不定式作谓语，有如下几种情况： ①表示计划、安排将要发生的事。 Who are we to meet? Im to have supper with John this afternoon. ②表示指示、命令，否定式表禁止。 You are to see the headmaster today.今天你必须去见校长。 You are not to enter the room without permission. 未经允许你不能进入房间。 ③表示义务、责任等，同should。 You are to be back before 5. What is to be done?该干什么。 ④表示可能性，与情态动词may, can同义。 Such books are to be found in any library. 这种书任何图书馆都有。 Not a sound was to be heard.一点声响也没有。 ⑤表示后来发生的事，可以用来表示命运或注定 They say good-bye, little knowing that they were never to meet again. 他们告别了，没想到再也不能相见了。 He was to regret the decision.他有一天会后悔 做出这一决定的。 ⑥用于习语 Where am I to go? 我该向何处去？ What am I to do? 我该怎么办？ 2、助动词have(has, had, having)的用法 （1）助动词have可以构成完成时或完成进行时 He has been a doctor for 10 years.他当医生十年了。 This is the place I have been longing to visit. 这就是我一直渴望参观的地方。 （2）和不定式构成谓语，表示客观上不得不做的事情。 Weve missed the train. Well have to wait for another one. 我们己经误了火车，我们只能等下一列。 -Do we have to start work?我们得立刻工作吗？ -No. We dont have to.不，不必了。 3、do(does, did) 的用法 （1）构成疑问句或否定句 How did you know about it?你是怎样知道这件事的。 He does not smoke. 他不抽烟。 （2）加强语气。 He did tell that.他的确告诉了此事。 Do come and see us.一定来看我们。 （3）代替前面刚出现的动词，避免重复。 -You like popular music, dont you?你喜欢流行音乐，是吧？ -Yes , I do.是的，我喜欢。 He speaks French as fluently as she does.他讲法语和她讲的一样流利。 （4）用于倒装句中。 Never did he pay attention to my words.他从不注意我的话。 Only then did I understand the importance of English. 只是那时，我才了解到英语的重要性。 （5）构成否定的祈使句。 Dont be so careless.不要那么粗心。 Do not hesitate to come for help.只管来求助。 * *