Comparative Study of Lead Removal by Extracts of Spinach, Coffee, and Tea.docVIP

Journal of Environmental Protection, 2013, 4, 250-257 /10.4236/jep.2013.43029 Published Online March 2013 (/journal/jep) Comparative Study of Lead Removal by Extracts of Spinach, Coffee, and Tea Nichole Lathan, Shelby Edwards, Charne Thomas, Lovell Agwaramgbo * Chemistry Department, Dillard University, New Orleans, USA. * Email: lagwaramgbo@ Received January 1 , 2013; revised February 1 , 2013; accepted February 27 , 2013 st st th ABSTRACT The use of tea and coffee for the removal of heavy metal from aqueous lead solutions has been reported. However, those studies were limited to expended dry biomass of coffee and tea and the lead concentration in those studies range from 10 - 100 ppm of aqueous lead solution. This study compared the effectiveness of aqueous extracts of instant coffee (IC), coffee ground (CG), coffee bean (CB), Lipton tea (Tea), and spinach puree (SP) in removing lead from 1300 PPM of aqueous lead solution. After 24 hr of agitation at room temperature followed by centrifugation, the lead concentration (in ppm) in the liquid from each reaction tube was analyzed using EPA Method 6010 (Inductively Coupled Plasma- Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)). The results suggest that the order of lead removal was Spinach (99%) Instant coffee (95%) Tea (91%), CG (62%) CB (59%). In comparing the brewed versus the boiled extracts, the results demonstrated that temperature of the aqueous extract affected the lead removal potential of coffee and tea in decreasing order: IC (95%:79%), Tea (91%:88%) CG (62%:53%) CB (59%:53%). Keywords: Heavy Metals; Tea; Coffee; Lead Remediation; Water Contamination; Phytoremediation 1. Introduction fication, stabilization; e) washing and f) biological treat- ment such as vermiremidiation [12], phytostabilization, phytodegradation or transform