fipronil toxicity in northern bobwhite quail colinus virginianus reduced.pdfVIP

Chemosphere 83 (2011) 524–530 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Chemosphere journal homepage: www. /loc ate/chemosphere Fipronil toxicity in northern bobwhite quail Colinus virginianus: Reduced feeding behaviour and sulfone metabolite formation Malsha Kitulagodage a,b,⇑, John Isanhart c, William A. Buttemer a,d, Michael J. Hooper c, Lee B. Astheimer a,b a Institute for Conservation Biology Law, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia b School of Heath Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia c The Institute for Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA d School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Fipronil is a phenyl pyrazole insecticide registered for agricultural use in many countries. Avian exposure Received 26 July 2010 to fipronil occurs mainly by ingesting contaminated insects or seeds. There is little information regarding Received in revised form 6 December 2010 the toxicological effects of fipronil in avian species and even less research documenting avian behavioural Accepted 13 December 2010 responses to fipronil ingestion. We examined the effects of a single oral dose of fipronil in northern bob- Available online 11 January 2011 white quail, the most fipronil-sensitive species tested to date, in respect to signs of intoxication and the metabolic