13. Disperse Systems - 山东大学课程中心3.0.ppt

13. Disperse Systems(分散体系） Contents Suspensions （混悬剂） Emulsions （乳剂） Gels and magmas （凝胶剂和乳浆剂） Proper administration and use of disperse systems （分散体系的正确给药和使用） Aerosols （气雾剂） Liquid preparations containing undissolved or immiscible drug distributed throughout a vehicle. In these preparations, the substance distributed is referred to as dispersed phase, and the vehicle is termed the dispersing phase or dispersion medium. Together, they produce a dispersed system. The particles of the dispersed phase are vary widely in size. Dispersions containing coarse particles, usually 10 to 50 ?m, are referred to as coarse dispersions; they include the suspensions and emulsions. Dispersions containing particles of smaller size are termed fine dispersions (0.5~10?m). If the particles are in the colloidal range, colloidal dispersions. Magmas and gels are fine dispersions. Suspensions Suspensions may be defined as preparations containing finely divided drug particles distributed somewhat uniformly throughout a vehicle in which the drug exhibits a minimum degree of solubility. 混悬剂系指难溶性固体药物以微粒状态分散于分散介质中形成的多相分散体系。 Some suspensions are available in ready-to-use form, that is, already distributed through a liquid vehicle with or without stabilizers and other additives. （一些混悬剂在有或无稳定剂和其他药用添加剂的情况下分散在液体介子中而供使用） Other preparations are available as dry powders intended for suspension in liquid vehicles. （其他制剂还有分散到液体介质中能形成混悬剂的干粉）。 This type of product generally is a powder mixture containing the drug and suitable suspending and dispersing agents to be diluted and agitated with a specified quantity of vehicle, generally purified water. Reasons for Suspensions There are several reasons for preparing suspensions. 1）The suspension ensures chemical stability while permitting liquid therapy.（混悬剂以液体形式给药保证了药物的化学稳定性。） 2）For many patients, the liquid form is preferred to the solid form of the same drug because of the ease of swallowing liquids and the flexibility in administration of a range of